發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-15 22:16

  本文選題：公司法 + 公司自治��； 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 立法理念的與時(shí)俱進(jìn),是我國《公司法》在2005年歷經(jīng)一番整新和修葺之后最為顯著的特征。這部法律充分體現(xiàn)了放松管制、強(qiáng)化自治的理念,強(qiáng)調(diào)尊重公司自治、尊重公司合法權(quán)利的運(yùn)用,減少政府的干預(yù)。在《公司法》中多處出現(xiàn)了“公司章程另有規(guī)定的除外”或類似表述的典型的缺省性規(guī)則用語,以公司參與者的約定替代強(qiáng)制性法律規(guī)定,充分尊重公司參與者的意愿。 放眼全球,公司立法中公司自治理念得到不斷深化并成為公司立法的趨勢,公司法改革中任意性規(guī)則得以擴(kuò)充,而強(qiáng)制性規(guī)則的空間不斷被壓縮。公司法缺省性規(guī)則成為公司自治理念深入公司法改革的一條不可或缺的通道,是公司立法技術(shù)提升的典型體現(xiàn),它在公司法中發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用。 然而,國內(nèi)學(xué)術(shù)界鮮有文章或?qū)Ｖ鴮痉ㄈ笔⌒砸?guī)則進(jìn)行專項(xiàng)研究,在一定程度上受制于傳統(tǒng)將公司法規(guī)則作強(qiáng)制性與任意性劃分的兩分法。而國外學(xué)者愛森伯格教授、柴芬斯教授等的三分法將任意性規(guī)則進(jìn)一步細(xì)分為缺省性規(guī)則與賦權(quán)性規(guī)則,對公司法規(guī)范的應(yīng)然結(jié)構(gòu)也表達(dá)了不同的觀點(diǎn)。無論如何,公司法規(guī)范混合結(jié)構(gòu)的綜合法說是最具說服力的,其能平衡公司法所保護(hù)的不同利益主體的多樣利益訴求。本文所遵循的一個基本理論前提也就是公司法規(guī)則是強(qiáng)制性規(guī)則、缺省性規(guī)則與賦權(quán)性規(guī)則的混合結(jié)構(gòu)。 對缺省性規(guī)則的價(jià)值分析,首先起步于公司法的私法品格。公司法私法品格的最典型體現(xiàn)是公司自治,而公司章程自治是公司自治的最佳載體。公司合同理論為公司章程自治提供了法學(xué)基礎(chǔ)理論上的研究捷徑,也從一個側(cè)面為缺省性規(guī)則的存在提供了理論基礎(chǔ)。但應(yīng)當(dāng)注意的是,公司章程自治并不是漫無邊際的,它要遵循基本的法律精神、在基本的價(jià)值與規(guī)則框架內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)最大化的自治。 其次,強(qiáng)制性規(guī)則與賦權(quán)性規(guī)則有著自身無法克服的缺陷,而缺省性規(guī)則在一定程度上又能夠彌補(bǔ)這些缺陷。缺省性規(guī)則的特質(zhì)使其介于強(qiáng)制性規(guī)則與賦權(quán)性規(guī)則之間,有調(diào)和兩者直接對立的法律屬性。其條文規(guī)定通常包含公司參與者無另外約定即自動適用(也可以說是“推定適用”)的法定缺省安排和公司參與者可以通過公司章程等其他形式另行做出安排的規(guī)定。法定缺省安排的設(shè)計(jì)方法有假設(shè)交易方法、可推翻的缺省方法,公司參與者排除適用法定缺省安排的路徑通常有三種:實(shí)體性選擇路徑、法定程序路徑和公司章程路徑。無疑,公司章程路徑是最重要的實(shí)現(xiàn)途徑,也是本文從一個側(cè)面展開對缺省性規(guī)則的研究的切入點(diǎn)。 在文章的最后一個部分,本文對公司法在公司設(shè)立、運(yùn)營、解散三個階段所設(shè)定的缺省性規(guī)則作了簡要的評析,一方面肯定了《公司法》對缺省性規(guī)則的立法價(jià)值,另一方面指出《公司法》中既有的缺省性規(guī)則也并非完美的。順應(yīng)全球公司自治的立法趨勢,《公司法》中必將有更多的強(qiáng)制性規(guī)則得到緩和,在未來替換為缺省性規(guī)則(以及賦權(quán)性規(guī)則),從而提高缺省性規(guī)則在公司法規(guī)則中的比例。
[Abstract]:The idea of legislation to keep pace with the times, is China's company law > < after a refurbishment and repair in 2005. The most significant feature of the law fully reflects the deregulation, strengthening the concept of autonomy, emphasizing respect the autonomy of the company, with respect for the legitimate rights of the company, reduce the government intervention in the "company law". In many places there "unless otherwise stipulated by the articles of association" or similar expressions of the typical default rules in terms of the company members agreed to replace the mandatory law, fully respect the wishes of the participants.
Looking at the world, the concept of company autonomy in company legislation has been continuously deepened and become the trend of legislation, the company law reform in arbitrary rules can be expanded, but the space of mandatory rules are compressed. The default rule in the corporation law has become the concept of company autonomy in-depth company law reform as an indispensable channel, is typical of the legislative technology company ascension, it plays an increasingly important role in the company law.
However, few articles or monographs in domestic academic circles to make a special study of the company law of default rules, to some extent, the traditional dichotomy of company law rules for compulsory and arbitrary division. While the foreign scholar Professor Eisenberg, three law professor Chivens will be further subdivided into arbitrary rules and default rules weighted rules ought to be on the structure of the company law also expressed a different view. In any case, comprehensive law company law mixed structure is said to be the most convincing, diversity of interests protected by the company law to balance the different stakeholders. A basic theoretical premise of the paper is followed by the company's rule of law is mandatory rules, default rules and enabling rules of the hybrid structure.
Analysis of the value of default rules, first started in the company law of private law character. The typical expression of company law is the character of company autonomy, and the autonomy of company charter is the best carrier of company autonomy. The theory of corporate contract provides a shortcut to research basic theory of law on the autonomy of the articles of association of the company, but also provides the theoretical basis from a the default rules exist. But it should be noted that the autonomy of company charter is not boundless, it must follow the basic spirit of the law, to realize the maximization of autonomy in the framework of the basic value and rules.
Secondly, the mandatory rules and enabling rules have great defects, and default rules in a certain extent can compensate for these defects. Between the default rules traits ranged from mandatory rules and enabling rules, law attribute of harmonic in direct opposition to the two. Its provisions usually include the company participants in an automatic application (also can be said to be "presumption") the statutory default arrangement and company participants through the articles of association of the company and other forms shall make arrangements regulations. Legal arrangements have the default design method assumes transaction method, the default method can be overturned, corporate participants excluded statutory default arrangement path is usually three A: the entity path selection, path of legal procedures and the company's articles of association path. Undoubtedly, the path of company charter is the most important way to realize, also is this article The starting point of the research on default rules from one side.
In the last part of the article, the establishment of the company law in operation, make a brief analysis of default rules set by the dissolution of the three stage, a nod to the legislation of company law on the value of < > default rules, on the other hand, points out the existing "Company Law > Default rules the legislation is not perfect. Conforming to the global trend of company autonomy," Company Law > will have more mandatory rules to alleviate in the future to replace the default rules (and weighting rules), so as to improve the default rules in company law than in the cases.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D922.291.91

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