【摘要】： 法律管制是市場(chǎng)調(diào)控的替代品,當(dāng)交易成本過(guò)于高昂以至部分有利于社會(huì)財(cái)富積累的合作無(wú)法開(kāi)展時(shí),法律調(diào)控能夠較好地彌補(bǔ)市場(chǎng)調(diào)控的不足。法律制定者,不同于市場(chǎng)參與者,他們無(wú)法從市場(chǎng)交易中直接獲利,但恰恰是這一點(diǎn),也有助于制定者更好地觀測(cè)個(gè)體行為給社會(huì)帶來(lái)的各種效應(yīng),尤其是個(gè)體行為外在化的成本、收益。 法律制定得越是精密,越是清楚洞察了經(jīng)濟(jì)世界的行為樣態(tài),就越能在細(xì)微處協(xié)調(diào)好社會(huì)上各種利益的沖突,維持力量均勢(shì)的局面。但法律制定過(guò)程本身是需要投入一定的社會(huì)成本的,這包括制定之前的統(tǒng)籌調(diào)查、制定之中的斟酌反復(fù)、制定之后的執(zhí)行力度以及人們對(duì)此法律條文予以理解、逐步接受的相互配合。然而法律的精確性和它的制定成本之間又存在一個(gè)邊際遞增的函數(shù)關(guān)系式,法律的錙銖必較會(huì)加劇其自身盤(pán)根錯(cuò)節(jié)的邏輯關(guān)系網(wǎng),無(wú)論是法律職業(yè)群體還是受法律規(guī)制的公眾,都將或?yàn)榻忉尰驗(yàn)榧s束自我行為所累。鑒于社會(huì)資源尤其是司法資源的稀缺性,法律在制定過(guò)程中不得不優(yōu)先考慮立法效率的問(wèn)題。這也就是為什么有些行為被納入到法律規(guī)制的框架內(nèi),有些卻被法律刻意忽視的原因所在,它涉及到一個(gè)成本-收益的比較和取舍問(wèn)題,而這一切都將圍繞效率所展開(kāi)。 或許司法能夠代替僵硬的立法彌補(bǔ)規(guī)則與法律事實(shí)銜接上的不足,“司法能動(dòng)主義”是司法精英推動(dòng)社會(huì)進(jìn)步的一種方式,它使法官更多地將自己看做是社會(huì)建設(shè)的工程師而不是單純適用法律規(guī)則的仲裁者,在濃霧彌漫的復(fù)雜糾紛中積極地摸索法與非法的模糊界限。這種僅僅依賴于法官個(gè)人司法素質(zhì)的法律管制在增加法律靈活性的同時(shí)卻又削弱了法律的穩(wěn)定性,且司法裁判的結(jié)果本身對(duì)個(gè)體行為的引導(dǎo)作用的大小也將直接決定司法判決和立法在法律管制中所占的比例。 “法律的精確程度”涉及到一些但不僅僅局限于立法技術(shù)問(wèn)題,且在國(guó)內(nèi)很少有人研究這一課題。本文運(yùn)用經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的相關(guān)理論,對(duì)立法和司法裁判過(guò)程中的各種因素的相互作用、以及立法和司法對(duì)個(gè)人行為的影響進(jìn)行了分析,希望能夠?qū)Α胺芍贫ǖ木_程度”這一研究課題從經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的角度進(jìn)行一些梳理和論證,并附帶談?wù)撘恍┓ɡ韺W(xué)上的基本問(wèn)題。
[Abstract]:Legal regulation is a substitute for market regulation. When the transaction cost is too high and part of the cooperation which is conducive to the accumulation of social wealth can not be carried out, the legal regulation can make up for the deficiency of market regulation. Lawmakers, unlike market participants, do not benefit directly from market transactions, but that is precisely what helps them better observe the effects of individual behaviour on society. In particular, the costs and benefits of externalization of individual behavior. The more precise the law is and the clearer it is to understand the behavior of the economic world, the more subtle the conflict of interests in society can be coordinated and the balance of power maintained. But the process of making the law itself requires a certain social cost, which includes the overall investigation before it is made, the discretion in the process of making it, the strength of the enforcement after the formulation and the understanding of the law. A gradual acceptance of co-operation However, there is a marginal incremental functional relationship between the accuracy of the law and the cost of its establishment, and the penny-pinching of the law will intensify its own interlocking logical network, whether it is the legal professional group or the public regulated by the law. Will be either explained or restrained by self-behavior. In view of the scarcity of social resources, especially judicial resources, the legislative efficiency has to be given priority in the process of making laws. This is why some behaviors are brought into the framework of legal regulation, while others are deliberately ignored by the law, which involves a cost-benefit comparison and trade-offs, all of which will be carried out around efficiency. Perhaps justice can replace rigid legislation to make up for the lack of convergence between rules and legal facts. "Judicial activism" is a way for the judicial elite to promote social progress. It makes judges regard themselves more as engineers of social construction than as arbitrators who simply apply the rules of law, and actively explore the fuzzy boundary between law and illegality in the dense and complicated disputes. This kind of legal regulation, which only depends on the personal judicial quality of judges, not only increases the legal flexibility, but also weakens the stability of the law. And the result of judicial decision itself will directly determine the proportion of judicial decision and legislation in the legal control. The degree of precision of law involves some but not only legislative technical problems, and few people study this subject in our country. Based on the relevant theories of economics, this paper analyzes the interaction of various factors in the process of legislation and administration of justice, as well as the influence of legislation and judicature on individual behavior. It is hoped that the research topic of "the degree of accuracy of law making" can be combed and demonstrated from the angle of economics, and some basic problems in jurisprudence are also discussed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D90

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