本文選題：邊沁 + 功利主義��； 參考：《華東政法大學(xué)》2010年博士論文

【摘要】： 杰里米·邊沁(1748-1832)是英國著名的法學(xué)家和哲學(xué)家,功利主義的創(chuàng)始人和分析實證主義法學(xué)的奠基者,19世紀初英國哲學(xué)激進主義運動的精神領(lǐng)袖。邊沁既是一個思想家,也是一個政治和社會活動家。他的以功利主義為核心的理論學(xué)說,在法學(xué)、倫理學(xué)、哲學(xué)、政治學(xué)、經(jīng)濟學(xué)、邏輯學(xué)、語言學(xué)等諸多領(lǐng)域都產(chǎn)生了廣泛而深遠的影響。他所倡導(dǎo)的法律改革和政治改革運動,也極大地促進了英國乃至歐洲的法律制度和民主政治制度的變革與進步。 邊沁的思想學(xué)說,可以當之無愧地被視為人類文明發(fā)展史上的寶貴財富之一。但是,和功利主義在法學(xué)、經(jīng)濟學(xué)、倫理學(xué)等領(lǐng)域主導(dǎo)西方學(xué)術(shù)及其實踐一個多世紀的現(xiàn)實相反,邊沁本人卻倍受冷落。在整個二十世紀大多數(shù)的時間里,他的理論在很大程度上被忽視,他的價值也被低估。即使與霍布斯、洛克、休謨這些英國學(xué)者相比,邊沁所受的關(guān)注也遠遠低于他應(yīng)得的程度。 耐人尋味的是,正值自由主義倫理學(xué)家和哲學(xué)家約翰·羅爾斯在1970年代以其契約論的程序正義論對功利主義施以沉重一擊之際,邊沁卻也在同時迎來了屬于他的歷史反轉(zhuǎn)。 英國倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院(University College London,簡稱UCL )在1959年、1968年相繼成立“邊沁委員會”(Bentham Committee)和“邊沁研究中心”(UCL Bentham Project),開始系統(tǒng)整理、出版該大學(xué)收藏的邊沁手稿,同時修訂出版新版《邊沁全集》。隨著這項工作不斷取得進展,邊沁逐漸獲得學(xué)界的重新關(guān)注,傳統(tǒng)的邊沁形象不斷被新材料、新視角所豐富、修正乃至顛覆。這股邊沁研究熱潮不僅在英國,在歐洲、美國、日本等地也日漸展開,一時間,“邊沁主義”大有復(fù)興之勢。 本文對邊沁的考察,并非出于智識上興趣而欲對這股復(fù)興思潮給予單純回應(yīng)。立足于今日中國之時代語境,本文作者希望借助對邊沁法律學(xué)說的考察,能夠?qū)ξ覈▽W(xué)研究之推進、法律實踐之完善有所助益。作者認為,當下中國的法學(xué)研究似仍未真正脫離觀念啟蒙之初級階段,不少學(xué)術(shù)探討仍然習慣于或糾纏于抽象的理念灌輸和觀念說教。對于諸多紛爭不已的法律實踐難題,我們嚴重缺乏辨析分歧、消解紛爭的有效工具和實用理論,而這,或許就是邊沁那種關(guān)注現(xiàn)實、注重分析的法學(xué)理論之于我們的潛在價值。 本文以邊沁的分析實證主義法學(xué)為主要考察對象,主要任務(wù)有二:其一,借助已有邊的究成果,盡量還原出一個面目完整的邊沁,以擺脫過去那種簡單、片面乃至漫畫式的邊沁研究。其二,在兼顧其學(xué)說統(tǒng)一性的情況下,盡量展開一些探討或反思,以便凸顯邊沁法律學(xué)說的豐富性及其內(nèi)在張力。 全文共分四章。 第一章為導(dǎo)論,主要介紹邊沁研究的相關(guān)背景和基礎(chǔ)。內(nèi)容主要包括邊沁思想產(chǎn)生發(fā)展的時代背景、個人生平以及相關(guān)研究文獻綜述。 第二章著重考察邊沁的功利主義思想。功利原理是邊沁全部學(xué)說之思考的起點和終點,自然也是其分析實證法學(xué)的理論基礎(chǔ)和精神內(nèi)核。本章首先梳理邊沁功利思想的淵源,進而重點分析其功利思想的主要內(nèi)容,以及邊沁運用功利原理對人類行為及其后果的具體分析,這種對行為的功利分析構(gòu)成邊沁全部法學(xué)分析之基礎(chǔ)。 本章意圖揭示:邊沁功利主義之精髓在于其分析的理念,即:一切社會現(xiàn)象,都可以借助某些簡單要素被分解還原,復(fù)雜現(xiàn)象、術(shù)語、命題總是可以通過分析而被理解和把握,這不僅有助于平息紛爭,更有助于揭示現(xiàn)象背后的真相。 第三章主要介紹邊沁的法學(xué)體系及其主要內(nèi)容。依據(jù)功利原理對罪過的分類,是邊沁從實體標準上展示他法律和法典體系的實質(zhì)內(nèi)容;通過對法律規(guī)范之內(nèi)部邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)的分析,邊沁發(fā)展出他的法律定義理論、法律的個別化和體系化理論,是從形式標準上展示其法律和法典體系的表現(xiàn)形式。一般地說,前者即邊沁所謂“審查的法理學(xué)”,后者即“注釋的法理學(xué)”。 本章主要目的在于展示邊沁的法律結(jié)構(gòu)分析理論。借助語言和邏輯,邊沁成功發(fā)展出一套適于分析法律規(guī)范的“意志邏輯”,它對于法學(xué)研究和法律實踐均有極大實用價值。 第四章試圖對邊沁法學(xué)的整個分析體系提供一些多視角的分析、評價或反思。主要有:嘗試揭示邊沁作為法學(xué)家對啟蒙時代法學(xué)的借鑒與超越;以邊沁為中心概要梳理實證法學(xué)的學(xué)術(shù)譜系,尤其是邊沁與奧斯丁和哈特之間的學(xué)術(shù)傳承脈絡(luò);以道德和法律關(guān)系為視點展示邊沁法學(xué)理論的內(nèi)在張力;最后,以其法學(xué)的功利主義基礎(chǔ)為重點進行簡要評析。
[Abstract]:Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) is a famous British jurist and philosopher, founder of utilitarianism and the founder of analytical positivist jurisprudence, the spiritual leader of the British philosophical activism in the early nineteenth Century. Bentham is both a thinker and a political and social activist. His theory of utilitarianism is the core theory. In many fields, such as law, ethics, philosophy, politics, economics, logic, linguistics and many other fields, the movement of legal reform and political reform advocated by him also greatly promoted the reform and progress of the legal system and democratic political system in Britain and Europe.
Bentham's theory of thought can be regarded as one of the precious wealth in the history of human civilization. However, on the contrary, Bentham himself has fallen into the cold. In most of the twentieth Century, his theory and the theory of utilitarianism in the fields of law, economics, ethics and other fields have dominated the practice of Western science and practice. His value was underestimated to a large extent, and even compared to Hobbes, Rock, Hume, and Hume, Bentham was much less concerned than he deserved.
It is intriguing that, as liberalist ethicists and philosopher John Rolls hit the utilitarianism with his contractual theory of procedural justice in 1970s, Bentham was also ushered in his historical reversal at the same time.
The University College London (University College London, short for short), in 1959, established the "Bentham committee" (Bentham Committee) and "the Bentham research center" (UCL Bentham Project) in 1968. It began to systemate and publish the Bentham manuscript of the University, and revised the new edition of the complete works of Bentham. With the progress of the break, Bentham gradually gained the attention of the academic circle. The traditional Bentham image was constantly enriched, modified and subverted by new materials and new perspectives. The Bentham research upsurge is not only in Britain but also in Europe, the United States and Japan. For a time, the "Bentham doctrine" has a great revival.
The study of Bentham is not a simple response to the revival trend of thought. Based on the context of the times of China today, the author hopes to help the study of the law of Bentham and the good of the practice of law in our country. It seems that it is still not really divorced from the primary stage of the concept of enlightenment, and many academic discussions are still accustomed to or entangled in the abstract idea of instillation and conceptual preaching. For many difficult problems of legal practice, we are seriously lacking in discriminating differences and eliminating the effective tools and practical theories of disputes, and this is perhaps Bentham's concern for reality, The potential value of analytical jurisprudence to us.
This article takes Bentham's analytical positivist jurisprudence as the main object of investigation. The main tasks are two: first, with the help of the existing research results, we try to restore a complete Bentham to get rid of the simple, one-sided and comic Bentham study of the past. Or reflection, in order to highlight the richness and inherent tension of Bentham's theory of law.
The full text is divided into four chapters.
The first chapter is the introduction, which mainly introduces the background and foundation of Bentham's research, including the background of the development of Bentham's thought, personal life and the literature review of the related research.
The second chapter focuses on Bentham's utilitarianism thought. Utilitarian principle is the starting point and end point of the thought of Bentham's all theories, and nature is the theoretical basis and spiritual core of its analysis of empirical jurisprudence. This chapter first combs the origin of Bentham's utilitarian thought, and then focuses on the main contents of his utilitarian thoughts, and Bentham's utilitarian principle. The specific analysis of human behavior and its consequences, the utilitarian analysis of this kind of behavior constitutes the basis of Bentham's all legal analysis.
The purpose of this chapter is to reveal that the essence of Bentham's utilitarianism is the concept of his analysis, that is, all social phenomena can be decomposed and reduced by some simple elements, complex phenomena, and terms, and propositions can always be understood and grasped through analysis, which not only helps to calm disputes, but also helps to reveal the truth behind the phenomena.
The third chapter mainly introduces Bentham's legal system and its main content. According to the principle of utilitarianism, Bentham shows the substance of his law and the system of law from the entity standard. Through the analysis of the internal logical structure of the legal norms, Bentham develops his law definition theory, the individualization and systematization of the law. It shows the form of the law and the system of the code of law from the standard of form. In general, the former is called "the jurisprudence of censorship" by Bentham, and the latter is "the jurisprudence of annotation".
The main purpose of this chapter is to show Bentham's theory of legal structure analysis. With the help of language and logic, Bentham has successfully developed a set of "will logic" which is suitable for the analysis of legal norms. It has great practical value for legal research and legal practice.
The fourth chapter attempts to provide some multi perspective analysis, evaluation and Reflection on the whole analysis system of Bentham's jurisprudence. It is mainly as follows: trying to reveal Bentham's reference and transcendence to the law of enlightenment as a jurist, and to outline the academic genealogy of empirical jurisprudence with Bentham as the center, especially the academic inheritance between Bentham and Austen and Hart. From the point of view of moral and legal relations, it shows the inherent tension of Bentham's theory of law; finally, it makes a brief comment on the utilitarian basis of his law.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D909.561

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1 徐同遠;;邊沁的功利主義理論與分析法學(xué)思想[J];比較法研究;2008年06期

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本文編號：2088010