本文選題：明治憲法 + 憲政��； 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：19世紀(jì)后期，日本在內(nèi)憂外患的歷史環(huán)境下走上了憲政之路，開創(chuàng)了亞洲立憲主義的先河。1889年，日本頒布了歷史上第一部憲法，即《明治憲法》，它是對日本歷史文化的傳承和對西方政治的有限接納的產(chǎn)物。每一部憲法的誕生都無法脫離本國的歷史文化傳統(tǒng)而存在。由于在明治憲法頒布之前的日本處于德川幕府時代，其實權(quán)掌握在將軍手中，這為立憲主義在日本的成功推行提供了先天的生存條件。 本文共分為五部分： 第一部分，明治憲法的創(chuàng)制背景。《明治憲法》的出現(xiàn)有著特定的歷史背景。日本的傳統(tǒng)文化、社會根源、思想淵源以及外部勢力無不對它的誕生產(chǎn)生深刻的影響。本文圍繞政治背景和思想淵源兩個方面展開論述。政治背景以歷史發(fā)展的階段性分為幕府統(tǒng)治的腐敗、西方列強的入侵和自由民權(quán)運動的推動三個方面。證實了明治憲法的出現(xiàn)正是基于本國政治發(fā)展的需要。在思想淵源方面西方列強的入侵，日本打開國門，各種西方憲政思想傳入并得到廣泛的傳播，結(jié)合日本亙古不變的絕對主義思想，形成了明治憲法特有的思想淵源。 第二部分，明治憲法的制定。在制憲的預(yù)備階段，明治政府采取了各項準(zhǔn)備措施，包括官制改革、實行地方自治、整頓財政等，為明治憲法的出現(xiàn)鋪平道路。在憲法的起草階段，眾多的私擬憲法草案、曇花一現(xiàn)的元老院國憲以及眾說紛紜的各參議憲法意見書的出現(xiàn)，為明治憲法的誕生起到了良好的參考作用。巖倉使節(jié)團對歐美各國政治考察之后，在各方勢力相互妥協(xié)的基礎(chǔ)上確立了明治憲法的模式。隨之而來的是憲法的出臺。 第三部分，明治憲法的主要內(nèi)容。依據(jù)文本深入分析了明治憲法中人民享有的各項基本權(quán)利義務(wù)和明治憲法權(quán)力安排的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)、各自的職權(quán)、運作方式、以及權(quán)力制衡機制。 第四部分，明治憲法的影響。憲法的生命在于實施，否則只是一紙空文。明治憲法實施之后產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。一方面是對日本后來憲法的影響，具體包括天皇制的保留、內(nèi)閣制的延續(xù)和地方自治制的傳承。另一方面是明治憲法對清末立憲的影響，包括清末制憲在方法、路徑和內(nèi)容上對明治憲法的仿效。 第五部分是對明治憲法的評價。本文采用辯證主義的方法進行分析、論述，認(rèn)為它是對本國歷史文化傳承和對西方憲政思想的有限接納的產(chǎn)物。
[Abstract]:In the late 19th century, Japan embarked on the road of constitutionalism under the historical environment of internal and external troubles, which opened the way of constitutionalism in Asia. In 1889, Japan promulgated the first constitution in its history. The Meiji Constitution is the product of the inheritance of Japanese history and culture and the limited acceptance of western politics. The birth of each constitution can not be separated from the country's historical and cultural traditions and exist. Since Japan was in the Tokugawa period before the Meiji Constitution was promulgated, the power was in the hands of the general, which provided the innate living conditions for the successful implementation of constitutionalism in Japan. This paper is divided into five parts: The first part, the background of the Meiji Constitution. The emergence of the Meiji Constitution has a specific historical background. Japan's traditional culture, social roots, ideological origins and external forces have a profound impact on its birth. This paper focuses on two aspects: political background and ideological origin. The political background is divided into three aspects: corruption of shogunate rule, invasion of western powers and promotion of liberal civil rights movement. Confirmed that the Meiji Constitution is based on the needs of political development in the country. In terms of ideological origin, the invasion of Western powers, the opening of the country to Japan, the introduction and widespread dissemination of various western constitutional thoughts, and the combination of Japan's everlasting absolutism, formed the unique ideological origin of the Meiji Constitution. The second part, the formulation of Meiji Constitution. In the preparatory stage of the constitution, the Meiji government took various preparatory measures, including the reform of the official system, the implementation of local autonomy, and the consolidation of finance, which paved the way for the emergence of the Meiji Constitution. In the drafting stage of the constitution, the emergence of numerous private draft constitution, the short-lived Senate constitution and the opinions of various participating constitutions played a good reference role for the birth of the Meiji Constitution. After studying the politics of Europe and America, Iwakura established the model of Meiji Constitution on the basis of mutual compromise. Then came the constitution. The third part, the main content of Meiji Constitution. According to the text, this paper analyzes the basic rights and obligations of the people in the Meiji Constitution, the internal structure of the power arrangement of the Meiji Constitution, their respective functions and powers, the operation mode, and the power check and balance mechanism. The fourth part, the influence of Meiji Constitution. The life of the Constitution lies in its implementation, otherwise it is nothing more than a piece of paper. After the Meiji Constitution came into effect, it had a profound influence. On the one hand, it influences the constitution of Japan, including the retention of the imperial system, the continuation of the cabinet system and the inheritance of the local autonomy system. On the other hand, the influence of Meiji Constitution on the constitution of the late Qing Dynasty, including the emulation of the Meiji Constitution in methods, ways and contents. The fifth part is the evaluation of Meiji Constitution. In this paper, the dialectical method is used to analyze and expound that it is the product of the inheritance of our country's history and culture and the limited acceptance of western constitutional thought.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D931.3

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 韓大元;;論日本明治憲法對《欽定憲法大綱》的影響——為《欽定憲法大綱》頒布100周年而作[J];政法論壇;2009年03期

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