【摘要】：20世紀50年代以來，西方一些國家就開始了刑罰社會化問題的研究，20世紀60年代后期以來，減少監(jiān)禁刑特別是短期監(jiān)禁刑一直成為歐洲各國刑事政策的核心目標。1990年，聯(lián)合國第8屆預防犯罪與罪犯處遇大會上通過了《聯(lián)合國非拘禁措施最低限度標準規(guī)則》。2000年，歐洲委員會通過了《成員國部長委員會關(guān)于改進實施歐洲社區(qū)制裁和措施的規(guī)則（2000）22號建議》，都對非監(jiān)禁措施提出了要求。由此可見，世界各國的刑罰執(zhí)行方式正經(jīng)歷著從以監(jiān)禁刑為主到以非監(jiān)禁刑為主的轉(zhuǎn)變，緩刑、假釋、社區(qū)服務(wù)等社區(qū)矯正方式在西方國家已得到廣泛適用，刑罰社會化已成為國際刑事司法發(fā)展的主要方向。 刑罰社會化可以有效地避免監(jiān)禁刑的弊端，有利于罪犯重新回歸社會，順利實現(xiàn)再社會化。為回應刑罰社會化的行刑趨勢，充分發(fā)揮社區(qū)矯正的功能，我國需進一步發(fā)展和完善現(xiàn)有的社區(qū)矯正制度。本文以我國的社區(qū)矯正工作現(xiàn)狀為切入點，以上海市嘉定區(qū)十年以來的社區(qū)矯正工作數(shù)據(jù)為例，分析了實踐中社區(qū)矯正的適用情況及所存在的不足。主要表現(xiàn)為社區(qū)矯正的種類單一且適用面較窄；執(zhí)行方式缺乏多樣性、針對性，刑罰懲罰性較弱；刑罰易科制度缺失；禁止令執(zhí)行難以到位等問題。針對這些問題，筆者從實務(wù)的角度分析了問題的成因，并通過比較研究的方式，介紹了國外的社區(qū)矯正立法和實踐，在此基礎(chǔ)上，借鑒其中的合理成分，提出完善我國社區(qū)矯正制度的建議，主要有三個方面：一是立足現(xiàn)有緩刑、假釋、暫予監(jiān)外執(zhí)行制度框架，深入發(fā)掘監(jiān)禁刑非監(jiān)禁執(zhí)行方式的制度價值，進一步擴大適用范圍，豐富緩刑、假釋的類型，規(guī)范具體執(zhí)行程序；二是進一步完善我國唯一的非監(jiān)禁刑主刑刑種——管制刑，，建立管制易科制度，并創(chuàng)設(shè)新的非監(jiān)禁刑主刑刑種，即建立青少年管護令制度；三是進一步完善和豐富社區(qū)矯正執(zhí)行措施。如進一步擴大禁止令的適用范圍，細化禁止令的具體內(nèi)容，并引入宵禁制度，設(shè)置類似中途住所等的過渡中轉(zhuǎn)制度，設(shè)立家中監(jiān)禁制度，建立社區(qū)矯正擔保制度，使社區(qū)矯正的執(zhí)行方式更具多樣性、靈活性和針對性，既能體現(xiàn)刑罰的懲罰性，又能實現(xiàn)社區(qū)矯正的功能。 去年全國人大常委會通過關(guān)于廢止有關(guān)勞動教養(yǎng)法律規(guī)定的決定，并指出要健全社區(qū)矯正制度，社區(qū)矯正工作迎來了千載難逢的歷史機遇，因此，應通過完善現(xiàn)有的社區(qū)矯正種類和執(zhí)行方式，進一步健全符合我國國情的社區(qū)矯正制度，推動社區(qū)矯正工作取得新發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Since the 1950s, some western countries have begun to study the socialization of punishment. Since the late 1960s, reducing imprisonment, especially short-term imprisonment, has been the core goal of the criminal policies of European countries. The eighth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and offenders adopted the United Nations Standard minimum rules for Non-custodial measures 2000, The Council of Europe adopted recommendation No. 22 of the Committee of Ministers of the member States on improving the implementation of sanctions and measures in European Communities (2000), both of which require non-custodial measures. It can be seen from this that the way of penalty execution in the world is undergoing a transformation from imprisonment to non-imprisonment. Probation, parole, community service and other forms of community correction have been widely applied in western countries. The socialization of penalty has become the main direction of the development of international criminal justice. The socialization of punishment can effectively avoid the malpractice of imprisonment, help criminals to return to society and realize social re-socialization smoothly. In order to respond to the trend of punishment socialization and give full play to the function of community correction, our country needs to further develop and perfect the existing community correction system. Taking the current situation of community correction in our country as the starting point and taking the data of community correction in Jiading District of Shanghai as an example, this paper analyzes the application and shortcomings of community correction in practice. The main performance of community correction is the single category and narrow application; the lack of diversity of execution, targeted punishment is weak; the penalty system is missing; the execution of prohibition order is difficult to implement and so on. In view of these problems, the author analyzes the causes of the problems from the point of view of practice, and introduces the legislation and practice of community correction in foreign countries by means of comparative study. The paper puts forward some suggestions to perfect the system of community correction in our country: first, based on the existing probation, parole, temporary execution outside prison system framework, deeply explore the system value of non-custodial execution mode of imprisonment, and further expand the scope of application. Enriching the types of probation and parole, standardizing the specific execution procedures; second, further perfecting the only type of non-custodial punishment in our country, that is, the main punishment of control, establishing the system of control and change, and creating a new type of main punishment of non-custodial punishment, The third is to further improve and enrich the implementation measures of community correction. Such as further expanding the scope of application of the prohibition order, refining the specific contents of the prohibition order, introducing a curfew system, setting up a transitional transit system similar to a halfway house, setting up a system of home imprisonment, and establishing a community correction guarantee system. To make the execution of community correction more diverse, flexible and targeted, can not only reflect the punitive penalty, but also achieve the function of community correction. Last year, the standing Committee of the National people's Congress adopted a decision on repealing the relevant legal provisions on re-education through labour, and pointed out that to improve the system of community correction, the work of community correction has ushered in a historic opportunity of once-in-a-lifetime. It is necessary to further perfect the system of community correction in accordance with the conditions of our country by perfecting the existing types and modes of community correction and to promote the new development of the work of community correction.
【學位授予單位】：華東政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D926.8

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