本文選題：命案 + 命案偵查　； 參考：《華中師范大學》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 古語曰：“人命關天”。古往今來,命案一直是所有案件的重心,它關系到最根本的人權——生命權,關系到人最切身利益。命案的發(fā)案率綜合反映了一個國家或地區(qū)的社會治安狀況,命案的破案率集中體現(xiàn)了公安偵查機關和偵查人員履行其保家衛(wèi)國重要職責的質(zhì)量和效率。要實現(xiàn)“命案必破”戰(zhàn)略目標,必須將偵查和防范兩個手段結(jié)合起來,兩者不可偏廢。新時期命案呈現(xiàn)新的特點,在總結(jié)命案偵查和防范的實踐經(jīng)驗上,研究其中的規(guī)律,有非常重要的理論意義和現(xiàn)實意義。 命案根據(jù)不同的標準有不同類型,每個類型特點不一,相對應的偵查方式和防范策略也就不同。當前各級公安機關在命案偵查實踐中逐步摸索出并建立起了一長雙責、五長到案、快速反應、諸警聯(lián)動、一案一評、破案重獎、經(jīng)費保障等一系列保證命案能在短時間得到偵破的工作機制。但是這些機制的執(zhí)行還需具體、有效的措施加以落實,如須建立健全現(xiàn)場勘查制度、現(xiàn)場分析研究會議匯報機制、命案偵查工作機制和執(zhí)行制度,完善審訊程序,防止偵查人員以非法或不合理手段取證。 命案偵查終究是一種事后的控制犯罪行為,要從根本上減少命案,必須有效結(jié)合事前的命案防范工作。命案防范研究,如今還是一個較全新的課題。我國命案防范不僅需要嚴厲打擊城市犯罪行為,還需加大農(nóng)村的治安防控力度；不僅需要注重保障犯罪嫌疑人或犯罪人的合法權益,也應重視偵查人員權益的保護；不僅需研究成年人命案防范規(guī)律,還可借鑒他國立法經(jīng)驗以未成年人為犯罪防范的主要對象；不僅應加大警力投入到命案防范工作,還可動員全社會各種力量共同參與,共同防范,形成“國家-社會-個人”的聯(lián)動機制；不僅從法律措施上防范命案,更要借鑒日本等國經(jīng)驗重視文化的防范作用。只要我們樹立命案可防的信心,堅定命案可防的決心,不斷探索,及時總結(jié),命案應當是可以減少發(fā)生的。 本文根據(jù)當前命案偵查和防范研究的不足或爭議性問題提出了以下一些重要觀點：(1)應將法醫(yī)工作與現(xiàn)場勘查緊密結(jié)合起來；(2)加大研究刑偵科技的力度以破譯隱含信息；(3)不否定秘密偵查手段,但需正確使用秘密偵查方法；(4)關注偵查人員的心理調(diào)適工作,防止“過勞死”；(5)確認包含警察權在內(nèi)的偵查權是一種司法權,不是行政權,尊重偵查權的獨立性；(6)命案中未成年人的犯罪年齡應實際評價；(7)從博弈論的角度分析,通過降低犯罪人預期犯罪收益來防范犯罪。
[Abstract]:As the old saying goes, "one's life is of great importance to one's life." Throughout the ages, homicide has always been the focus of all cases, it relates to the most fundamental human rights-the right to life, the most vital interests of human beings. The occurrence rate of homicide cases comprehensively reflects the social security situation of a country or region, and the detection rate of homicide cases mainly reflects the quality and efficiency of the public security investigation organs and investigators in performing their important duties of defending their families. In order to realize the strategic goal of "murder must be solved", we must combine investigation and prevention, both of which can not be biased. In the new period, homicide cases present new characteristics. In summing up the practical experience of investigation and prevention of homicide cases, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the laws among them. There are different types of homicide cases according to different standards and different characteristics of each type. The corresponding investigation methods and preventive strategies are also different. At present, the public security organs at all levels have gradually groped out and established a long and double responsibility in the practice of homicide investigation, five long to the case, a quick reaction, the linkage of all police officers, one case, one evaluation, and one case solved with a heavy prize. Funds guarantee and a series of guarantee homicide cases can be solved in a short period of time working mechanism. However, the implementation of these mechanisms still needs concrete and effective measures to be implemented. For example, it is necessary to establish and improve the on-site investigation system, the reporting mechanism of on-site analysis and research conferences, the mechanism of investigation and execution of homicide cases, and the perfection of interrogation procedures. To prevent investigators from obtaining evidence by illegal or unreasonable means, homicide investigation is, after all, a kind of crime control after the fact. In order to reduce the homicide cases fundamentally, it is necessary to effectively combine the preventive work in advance. The study of homicide prevention is now a relatively new topic. The prevention of homicide cases in our country not only needs to crack down severely on urban crime, but also needs to strengthen the security prevention and control in rural areas, not only to protect the legitimate rights and interests of criminal suspects or perpetrators, but also to protect the rights and interests of investigators. It is necessary not only to study the law of adult homicide prevention, but also to draw lessons from the legislative experience of other countries, to take minors as the main object of crime prevention, not only to increase the involvement of police forces in the prevention of homicide cases, but also to mobilize all kinds of social forces to participate in the prevention of murder cases. Joint prevention, forming a "state-social-individual" linkage mechanism, not only from the legal measures to prevent homicide, but also to draw lessons from the experience of Japan and other countries to attach importance to the preventive role of culture. As long as we build up confidence that homicide cases can be prevented, strengthen our determination to prevent homicide cases, and constantly explore and summarize them in a timely manner, Homicide cases should be reduced. This paper puts forward the following important points of view according to the deficiencies or controversies of current homicide investigation and prevention research.) Forensic medical work should be closely combined with scene investigation. The strength of criminal investigation science and technology to decipher the implied information does not negate secret investigative techniques. However, it is necessary to use the secret investigation method correctly. (4) pay attention to the psychological adjustment of the investigators and prevent "overwork". (5) confirm that the investigation power, including the police power, is a judicial power, not an administrative power. Respect for the independence of the investigation right (6) the age of juvenile crime in the case of murder should be evaluated practically.) from the angle of game theory, the crime can be prevented by reducing the expected proceeds of crime.
【學位授予單位】：華中師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D631.2

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本文編號：2005051