本文選題：社會治安服務(wù) + 有效供給��； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2010年博士論文

【摘要】： 社會治安服務(wù)是指社會治安服務(wù)供給主體依照當(dāng)前我國相關(guān)法律法規(guī)的要求所進行的一切維護社會治安秩序的行為。從經(jīng)濟屬性上而言,社會治安服務(wù)屬于地方公共物品范疇,在一定空間范圍具有消費的非排他性、非競爭性及效用的不可分割性等屬性特征,難以避免“免費搭便”問題的存在。除此之外,社會治安服務(wù)還具有一些不同于一般公共物品的特性,如覆蓋面廣、有時需要借助暴力性控制手段等。由于政府擁有巨大的財政支撐和動員社會資源的能力,同時又具有廣泛的社會代表性,因此,社會治安服務(wù)的供給一直是政府治理領(lǐng)域中的一項重要內(nèi)容。有效的社會治安服務(wù)供給往往被視為是政府“善治”的表現(xiàn)。在現(xiàn)代社會中,良好的社會治安環(huán)境不僅能有效提升全體社會成員的生存和生活質(zhì)量,不斷增進全社會整體福利水平,而且能通過有效保護私人資本、公共資本以及人力資本的安全,促進國家和社會的社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。因此,社會治安環(huán)境的優(yōu)劣已成為衡量一個國家(或地區(qū))社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平的一項重要參考指標。當(dāng)前,我國正處于經(jīng)濟體制轉(zhuǎn)軌、社會轉(zhuǎn)型的特殊歷史時期,面臨的國際國內(nèi)治安環(huán)境十分復(fù)雜。如何應(yīng)對復(fù)雜治安環(huán)境下公眾的多元化社會治安服務(wù)需求,打造安定有序的社會治安環(huán)境,是一項值得我們深思的現(xiàn)實課題。 顯然,在短期內(nèi),政府或民間社會組織對社會治安服務(wù)的成本投入往往是比較固定的,或者說伴隨經(jīng)濟增長速度按照固定的速度增長。因此,本文的主要研究目的就是,對社會治安服務(wù)有效供給問題進行理論與實證研究,厘清社會治安服務(wù)有效供給的內(nèi)涵及基本要求,分析當(dāng)前我國社會治安服務(wù)供給制度體系形成的內(nèi)在機理,探索在現(xiàn)有社會經(jīng)濟資源投入條件下實現(xiàn)社會治安服務(wù)有效供給的具體路徑。 全文共分為六章,各章節(jié)的研究思路和基本觀點如下： 第一章為導(dǎo)論。本章主要闡述了本文的研究背景及其意義、已有的國內(nèi)外研究成果、本文的研究內(nèi)容與研究方法以及創(chuàng)新點和不足之處。 第二章為社會治安服務(wù)有效供給的理論分析。本章首先從對公共物品的認識和分析入手,對社會治安服務(wù)的內(nèi)涵、屬性等基本范疇進行了分析界定；之后,結(jié)合公共物品有效供給的理論分析及社會治安服務(wù)本身所具有的諸多特殊性,給出了社會治安服務(wù)有效供給的內(nèi)涵。本文認為,社會治安服務(wù)的有效供給是指,在特定的社會經(jīng)濟環(huán)境的要求下,通過不同供給機制的交互作用和相互影響形成相應(yīng)的供給制度安排,使社會治安服務(wù)資源的配置和運用都實現(xiàn)帕累托最優(yōu),能夠最大限度的滿足社會公眾的治安服務(wù)需求、實現(xiàn)社會整體利益最大化的供給�；谶@一理解,本文繼而提出了社會治安服務(wù)有效供給的四項基本原則,即供需均衡、動態(tài)改進、超額負擔(dān)最小及廣泛均等原則,并在此基礎(chǔ)上給出了衡量社會治安服務(wù)“有效性”的相關(guān)評價指標。 第三章為當(dāng)前我國社會治安服務(wù)的供給主體及其供給方式。在公眾的多元化需求誘導(dǎo)與國家社會治安綜合治理方針的政策引導(dǎo)下,當(dāng)前我國已經(jīng)形成了由政府、市場和非營利組織共同提供社會治安服務(wù)的多元主體供給格局。本章對政府、市場及非營利組織供給社會治安服務(wù)的動機、運作機制及供給困境進行了細致分析,指出提升社會治安服務(wù)供給的有效性,并不是一個簡單地將社會治安服務(wù)供給的任務(wù)交給政府,還是交給市場或非營利組織的問題,而是如何依據(jù)政府、市場與非營利組織有效發(fā)揮作用的功能空間,通過分工合作實現(xiàn)優(yōu)勢互補的問題。 第四章為交易費用視角下社會治安服務(wù)供給主體結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化。從歷史發(fā)展來看,社會治安服務(wù)多元主體供給格局的形成是社會分工的產(chǎn)物,而阻礙分工深化的主要限制性因素則是交易費用。因此,本章綜合采用新制度經(jīng)濟學(xué)和新興古典經(jīng)濟學(xué)中關(guān)于分工和交易費用的理論,對不同供給主體供給社會治安服務(wù)的交易費用作了細致分析。分析表明,盡管由市場部門與非營利組織供給部分社會治安服務(wù)雖然可以在一定程度上節(jié)省外生交易費用,但受我國市場經(jīng)濟體制不完善及其他諸多方面因素的影響,內(nèi)生交易費用卻增加了。也就是說,內(nèi)外生交易費用之間存在著此消彼長的兩難沖突。因此,社會治安服務(wù)供給主體結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化,其實質(zhì)就是要根據(jù)政府、市場及非營利組織三類供給主體在社會治安服務(wù)供給過程中產(chǎn)生的內(nèi)外生費用的大小,合理的在供給主體之間配置社會治安服務(wù)資源�；谶@一認識,本章根據(jù)社會治安服務(wù)內(nèi)外生交易費用的關(guān)鍵性影響因素,對社會治安服務(wù)的具體內(nèi)容進行了類別細分,并相應(yīng)地提出了每一類社會治安服務(wù)的供給主體的選擇方案。 第五章為我國社會治安服務(wù)供給現(xiàn)狀的實證分析。本章采取問卷調(diào)研與典型案例分析的研究方法,以公安派出所的警察服務(wù)、住宅小區(qū)的物業(yè)保安服務(wù)、居民自發(fā)的義務(wù)巡邏服務(wù)為研究對象,從微觀層面對當(dāng)前社會治安服務(wù)政府供給、市場供給及非營利組織自愿供給三種供給方式的現(xiàn)狀進行了實證分析。實證分析表明,無論是政府供給的警察服務(wù)還是市場供給的物業(yè)保安服務(wù)都存在著明顯的供需差距,社會治安服務(wù)供給現(xiàn)狀不容樂觀。另外,由于依靠政府及市場部門無法滿足人們多元化的社會治安服務(wù)需求,在安全需要的驅(qū)動下,民間社會治安組織就自然而然的成長起來,成為緩解農(nóng)村地區(qū)社會治安服務(wù)供需矛盾的一種有效途徑。 第六章為實現(xiàn)我國社會治安服務(wù)有效供給的路徑選擇。本章根據(jù)社會治安服務(wù)有效供給的基本原則與當(dāng)前社會治安服務(wù)供給的現(xiàn)狀,從制度設(shè)計層面對社會治安服務(wù)有效供給的具體實現(xiàn)路徑進行了探討分析。具體路徑為：一是要轉(zhuǎn)變政府治理理念,完善政府供給機制；二是要加強政府監(jiān)管力度,規(guī)范市場競爭秩序；三是要培育社會治安自治組織,充分利用社會資源。 本文的創(chuàng)新之處主要表現(xiàn)在三個方面：一是運用現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟學(xué)的基本研究方法和分析框架,結(jié)合國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)有文獻對有效供給問題的理論分析,提出了社會治安服務(wù)有效供給的基本標準及具體評價指標體系；二是運用制度經(jīng)濟學(xué)的分析工具,將交易費用理論引入社會治安服務(wù)有效供給問題的分析中,對政府、市場及非營利組織供給社會治安服務(wù)過程中發(fā)生的交易費用進行了細致分析,并從社會分工與交易費用角度分析了社會治安服務(wù)供給主體結(jié)構(gòu)由一元走向多元的內(nèi)在作用機理,指出了內(nèi)外生費用與社會治安服務(wù)供給主體選擇之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系；三是在問卷調(diào)研的基礎(chǔ)上,采用因子分析、結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型等統(tǒng)計分析方法,分析了居民對警察服務(wù)、物業(yè)保安服務(wù)滿意度與需求意愿情況。另外,還利用典型案例分析的方法,歸納了民間社會治安組織在社會治安服務(wù)領(lǐng)域有效發(fā)揮作用的現(xiàn)實條件,填補了國內(nèi)這一研究領(lǐng)域中缺乏實證分析的不足。 本文的分析,不過是對社會治安服務(wù)有效供給問題的一次探索性分析而已。由于本研究內(nèi)容對作者的理論功底和實踐經(jīng)驗要求都很高,受時間、精力水平及本人理論水平等諸多主客觀條件限制,論文中仍有很多不足和缺陷。例如,由于相關(guān)統(tǒng)計指標數(shù)據(jù)搜集的客觀條件限制,盡管本文在第三章中建立了衡量社會治安服務(wù)有效供給的評價指標體系,并沒有在此基礎(chǔ)上從宏觀角度對當(dāng)前我國社會治安服務(wù)供給現(xiàn)狀進行評價。另外,探討提高社會治安服務(wù)的供給效率問題,事實上還涉及到許多細致、復(fù)雜、精巧的技術(shù)問題。例如政府、市場、第三部門在供給社會治安服務(wù)中的多重博弈就是一個十分復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)過程,博弈關(guān)系格局在不同制度環(huán)境下會發(fā)生較大變化,進而影響著各供給機制下供給效率的發(fā)揮。這應(yīng)成為筆者在今后的工作和研究中繼續(xù)努力的一個重要方向。
[Abstract]:Social security service refers to the act of maintaining social order in accordance with the requirements of relevant laws and regulations of our country at present. From the economic attribute, social security service belongs to the category of local public goods, with the non exclusiveness, non competition and utility of consumption in a certain space range. In addition, social security services also have some characteristics different from common public goods, such as the wide coverage, and sometimes the means of violent control. Because the government has the capacity of huge financial support and mobilization of social resources, it is also the same. With extensive social representation, the supply of social security services has always been an important part of government governance. The effective supply of social security services is often regarded as the performance of "good governance" by the government. In modern society, a good social security environment can not only effectively improve the survival and life of all the members of the society. Quality, constantly improving the whole social welfare level of the whole society, and can effectively protect the security of private capital, public capital and human capital, and promote the social and economic development of the state and society. Therefore, the good and bad of the social security environment has become an important reference index to measure the level of social and economic development of a country (or region). Before the transition of the economic system and the special historical period of social transformation, the international and domestic public security environment is very complicated. How to deal with the demand of public security services in the complex public security environment and create a stable and orderly social security environment is a realistic subject worthy of our deep thought.
Obviously, in the short term, the cost input of government or civil society organizations to social security services is often relatively fixed, or that the speed of economic growth is growing at a fixed rate. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to make a theoretical and Empirical Study on the effective supply of social security services and to clarify the social security service. The connotation and basic requirements of effective supply are analyzed, and the internal mechanism of the formation of the current social security service supply system is analyzed, and the concrete path to realize the effective supply of social security services under the existing social and economic resources is explored.
The full text is divided into six chapters. The research ideas and basic points of each chapter are as follows:
The first chapter is the introduction. This chapter mainly expounds the background and significance of the research, the existing research results at home and abroad, the content and methods of this study, and the innovation and shortcomings.
The second chapter is the theoretical analysis of the effective supply of social security services. This chapter begins with the understanding and analysis of public goods, and analyzes and defines the basic categories of the connotation and properties of social security services; after that, it combines the theoretical analysis of the effective supply of public goods and the many particularity of the social security service itself. This article holds that the effective supply of social security services refers to the formation of the corresponding supply system arrangement through the interaction and interaction of different supply mechanisms under the requirements of a specific social and economic environment, so that the allocation and application of social security service resources can be realized to the best of Pareto. Based on this understanding, the four basic principles of the effective supply of social security services, namely supply and demand equilibrium, dynamic improvement, the minimum excess burden and the broad equality principle, are given on the basis of this basis. Relevant indicators of the effectiveness of social security services.
The third chapter is the main supply and supply mode of the current social security service in China. Under the guidance of the public's diversified demand induction and the policy of the comprehensive governance of the state social security, our country has formed a multi subject supply pattern that the government, the market and the non-profit organizations jointly provide the social security services. The motive, the operating mechanism and the supply dilemma of the government, the market and the non-profit organizations have been carefully analyzed. It is pointed out that the effectiveness of improving the supply of social security services is not a simple task of giving the service to the government, or to the market or non-profit organization, but on the basis of how it is based. The government, the market and the non-profit organizations play an effective role in the functional space, and achieve complementary advantages through division of labor and cooperation.
The fourth chapter is the optimization of the main structure of the social security service supply from the perspective of transaction costs. From the historical point of view, the formation of the multi subject supply pattern of the social security service is the product of the social division of labor, while the main restrictive factor which hinders the deepening of the division of labor is the transaction cost. Therefore, this chapter combines the new institutional economics and the new classicism. In economics, the theory of division of labor and transaction costs is analyzed in detail. The analysis shows that although the market departments and non-profit organizations supply part of the social security service, although the market departments and non-profit organizations can save the transaction costs to some extent, it is not subject to the market economy system in China. In other words, the cost of endogenous transaction costs increased. That is to say, there is a dilemma between the internal and external transaction costs. Therefore, the optimization of the structure of the main body of the supply of public security services is to serve the public security services in accordance with the three types of government, market and non-profit organizations. On the basis of this understanding, this chapter subdivides the specific content of social security services according to the key factors affecting the internal and external transaction costs of social security services, and puts forward each category of society accordingly. The choice of the main body of the supply of public security services.
The fifth chapter is an empirical analysis of the current situation of social security service supply in China. This chapter adopts the research method of questionnaire survey and typical case analysis, taking police service of public security police station, property security service of residential district, voluntary patrol service of residents as the research object, and serving the government from the micro level to serve the government from the current social security. The empirical analysis shows that there is a clear gap between supply and demand in both the police service provided by the government or the property security services provided by the market, and the present situation of the social security service supply is not optimistic. In addition, it depends on the government and the market department. The door can not meet the needs of the people's diversified social security services. Under the drive of the security needs, the civil society public security organizations have grown up naturally and become an effective way to alleviate the contradiction between the supply and demand of social security services in the rural areas.
The sixth chapter is to choose the way to realize the effective supply of social security service in China. According to the basic principles of effective supply of social security services and the present situation of the current social security service supply, this chapter discusses and analyzes the concrete realization path of the effective supply of social security services from the system design level. Change government governance concept, improve the government supply mechanism; two is to strengthen government supervision and regulation of market competition order; three is to cultivate social security self-government organizations, fully use social resources.
The innovation of this article is mainly manifested in three aspects: first, using the basic research methods and analytical frameworks of modern economics, combining the theoretical analysis of the existing literature at home and abroad on the issue of effective supply, the basic standards of effective supply of social security services and the specific evaluation index system are put forward; and the two is the analysis of the use of institutional economics. By introducing the transaction cost theory into the analysis of the effective supply of social security services, this paper makes a detailed analysis of the transaction costs of the government, market and non-profit organizations in the process of providing social security services, and analyzes the main structure of the main body of social security services from the perspective of social division of labor and transaction costs. The intrinsic relationship between the internal and external expenses and the choice of the public security service provider is pointed out. Three, on the basis of the questionnaire survey, we use factor analysis, structural equation model and other statistical analysis methods to analyze the residents' service to the police, the satisfaction of the property security service and the desire of the demand. The method of typical case analysis summarizes the practical conditions of the effective role of civil society public security organizations in the field of social security services, and fills the lack of empirical analysis in this field of domestic research.
The analysis of this paper is only an exploratory analysis of the problem of effective supply of social security services. Because the content of this research is very high on the author's theoretical foundation and practical experience, the thesis is limited by many subjective and objective conditions, such as time, energy level and theory level. In the third chapter, the evaluation index system for evaluating the effective supply of social security services is set up in this paper, and on the basis of this, the present situation of social security service supply in China is evaluated on the basis of the macro perspective. In fact, many detailed, complex and exquisite technical problems are involved. For example, the multiple game of government, market and third departments in the supply of social security services is a very complicated system process. The game relationship pattern will change greatly in different institutional environment, and then affect the supply efficiency under the supply mechanism. This should be an important direction for the author to continue his efforts in the future work and research.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D631.4

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 周陽;新公共服務(wù)理論視閾下的城市社區(qū)治安服務(wù)研究[D];福建師范大學(xué);2011年

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本文編號：1877393