日本對過勞死的法律救濟(jì)與預(yù)防
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-07-10 16:33
【摘要】：近年來,我國有關(guān)“過勞死”的報(bào)道見諸報(bào)端,可見其危害程度不容小覷。但法律中沒有涉及到“過勞死”的有關(guān)內(nèi)容,所以沒有辦法給“過勞死”下定義,也就無從評價(jià)這些案例中的死亡勞動(dòng)者是不是“過勞死”,更沒有辦法對“過勞死”進(jìn)行法律上的救濟(jì)。相比之下,日本的過勞死現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重,對于過勞死的研究已經(jīng)有了相對較長的歷史,其中主要是從工傷保險(xiǎn)法和民法上對過勞死進(jìn)行法律救濟(jì),另外在如何預(yù)防過勞死方面也進(jìn)行了豐富的研究和探索。日本法上對于過勞死的概念定義和對于過勞死的法律性質(zhì)界定,為過勞死的法律救濟(jì)了提供理論基礎(chǔ)。按照過勞死的概念定義,可將過勞死分為“工作上的過重負(fù)荷導(dǎo)致腦、心臟疾病死亡的”和“工作引起的強(qiáng)烈心理負(fù)荷導(dǎo)致精神疾病死亡的”。這兩者在《勞動(dòng)者災(zāi)害保險(xiǎn)補(bǔ)償法》上分別對應(yīng)“腦、心臟疾病的業(yè)務(wù)上認(rèn)定”和“精神疾病的業(yè)務(wù)上認(rèn)定”。首先需要分別研究這兩個(gè)部分如何認(rèn)定為勞動(dòng)災(zāi)害,再在此基礎(chǔ)上研究相應(yīng)的過勞死勞動(dòng)災(zāi)害補(bǔ)償給付。其次,介紹過勞死在民法上的救濟(jì)。日本的勞動(dòng)災(zāi)害保險(xiǎn)補(bǔ)償和民事?lián)p害賠償之間是補(bǔ)充模式(過勞死勞動(dòng)者既可以申請勞動(dòng)者災(zāi)害保險(xiǎn)補(bǔ)償給付,也可以提起民事訴訟請求民事?lián)p害賠償,但是最終所獲得補(bǔ)償或賠償不能超過其實(shí)際遭受之利益損害)。其中涉及到依據(jù)侵權(quán)損害賠償責(zé)任還是違約損害賠償責(zé)任來請求雇主進(jìn)行損害賠償?shù)膯栴},同時(shí)還有民事?lián)p害賠償責(zé)任中損益相抵的保險(xiǎn)金扣除問題,日本法中的相關(guān)做法對于我國實(shí)務(wù)中的工傷保險(xiǎn)和民事賠償?shù)倪m用關(guān)系有參考價(jià)值。在過勞死的預(yù)防方面,日本民間的“過勞死110”、“過勞死家族會(huì)”等組織進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)在過勞死等的預(yù)防中發(fā)揮著重要的作用,積極推動(dòng)了過勞死相關(guān)法律的制定。在民間力量推動(dòng)之下,2014年實(shí)施的《過勞死等防止措施促進(jìn)法》是一部專門針對防止過勞死等的勞動(dòng)相關(guān)立法,通過對過勞死等的實(shí)際現(xiàn)狀和相關(guān)研究的分析,致力于制定防止過勞死等的政策和采取相應(yīng)的預(yù)防措施�！秳趧�(dòng)安全衛(wèi)生法》是規(guī)范勞動(dòng)安全管理的法律,其中有關(guān)于預(yù)防過勞死的相關(guān)立法規(guī)定。2005年經(jīng)過修改,又增加了雇主必須安排長時(shí)間勞動(dòng)的勞動(dòng)者(經(jīng)申請)和醫(yī)師進(jìn)行面談的義務(wù)。本文通過對日本過勞死的法律救濟(jì)和預(yù)防的相關(guān)介紹,希望能夠總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn),實(shí)現(xiàn)對“過勞死”勞動(dòng)者的工傷認(rèn)定和救濟(jì),但最重要的還是能夠預(yù)防“過勞死”的出現(xiàn),保證勞動(dòng)者的身心健康。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the report of the relevant "overwork" of our country is at the news end, and it can be seen that the degree of harm is not allowed to be small. However, there is no relevant content of the "overwork" in the law, so there is no way to define the "overwork", and there is no way to evaluate whether the dead worker in these cases is a "overwork", and there is no way to legally remedy the "overwork". In contrast, there has been a relatively long history of overwork in Japan, which has been a relatively long history in the study of overwork, mainly from the work-related injury insurance law and the civil law to the legal relief of overwork, and also a lot of research and exploration on how to prevent overwork. On the basis of the definition of the concept of overwork and the legal nature of overwork, the Japanese law provides a theoretical basis for the legal relief of overwork. According to the concept of overwork, the overwork can be divided into "The heavy load on the work results in the death of the brain and the heart." and "The strong mental load caused by the work causes a mental illness to die.". Both of these are corresponding to the "The business of brain and heart disease." and the "The business of mental illness." in the labor disaster insurance compensation method. First of all, it is necessary to study how these two parts are identified as labor disasters, and then to study the corresponding labor disaster compensation benefits. Secondly, the relief of overwork in civil law is introduced. In Japan, the compensation for labor disaster insurance and civil damages is a supplementary model (the worker can apply for the compensation of the worker's disaster insurance), and the civil damages for civil action may be filed. However, that final compensation or compensation cannot exceed the actual damage to which it is actually subject. in which the liability for damages for tort damages or the liability for damages for breach of contract is involved in the request of the employer for damages, and there is also a question of the deduction of the insurance benefits in the liability of civil damages, The relevant practice in the Japanese law is of reference value to the application of industrial injury insurance and civil compensation in the practice of our country. In the prevention of overwork and death, the activities of the "Over-work death 110", "The over-the-death family will" and other organizations of the Japanese civil society play an important role in the prevention of overwork and the like, and actively promoted the development of the relevant laws of overwork and death. Under the promotion of the folk power, the Promotion Law of the Prevention of Overwork and the like implemented in 2014 is a special labor-related legislation designed to prevent overwork, and through the analysis of the actual present situation and relevant research on the death of overwork, It is committed to the development of policies to prevent overwork and to take corresponding preventive measures. The Law on Occupational Safety and Health is a law regulating the management of labor safety, including relevant legislative provisions on the prevention of overwork. In 2005, it has been amended and the employer's obligation to arrange for a long-time working worker (as applied) and a physician must be arranged. In this paper, through the introduction of the legal relief and prevention of overwork in Japan, it is hoped that we can sum up the experience and realize the work-related injury identification and relief of the "overwork" workers, but the most important is to prevent the appearance of the "overwork" and guarantee the physical and mental health of the workers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D931.3;DD912.5
本文編號：2512728
[Abstract]:In recent years, the report of the relevant "overwork" of our country is at the news end, and it can be seen that the degree of harm is not allowed to be small. However, there is no relevant content of the "overwork" in the law, so there is no way to define the "overwork", and there is no way to evaluate whether the dead worker in these cases is a "overwork", and there is no way to legally remedy the "overwork". In contrast, there has been a relatively long history of overwork in Japan, which has been a relatively long history in the study of overwork, mainly from the work-related injury insurance law and the civil law to the legal relief of overwork, and also a lot of research and exploration on how to prevent overwork. On the basis of the definition of the concept of overwork and the legal nature of overwork, the Japanese law provides a theoretical basis for the legal relief of overwork. According to the concept of overwork, the overwork can be divided into "The heavy load on the work results in the death of the brain and the heart." and "The strong mental load caused by the work causes a mental illness to die.". Both of these are corresponding to the "The business of brain and heart disease." and the "The business of mental illness." in the labor disaster insurance compensation method. First of all, it is necessary to study how these two parts are identified as labor disasters, and then to study the corresponding labor disaster compensation benefits. Secondly, the relief of overwork in civil law is introduced. In Japan, the compensation for labor disaster insurance and civil damages is a supplementary model (the worker can apply for the compensation of the worker's disaster insurance), and the civil damages for civil action may be filed. However, that final compensation or compensation cannot exceed the actual damage to which it is actually subject. in which the liability for damages for tort damages or the liability for damages for breach of contract is involved in the request of the employer for damages, and there is also a question of the deduction of the insurance benefits in the liability of civil damages, The relevant practice in the Japanese law is of reference value to the application of industrial injury insurance and civil compensation in the practice of our country. In the prevention of overwork and death, the activities of the "Over-work death 110", "The over-the-death family will" and other organizations of the Japanese civil society play an important role in the prevention of overwork and the like, and actively promoted the development of the relevant laws of overwork and death. Under the promotion of the folk power, the Promotion Law of the Prevention of Overwork and the like implemented in 2014 is a special labor-related legislation designed to prevent overwork, and through the analysis of the actual present situation and relevant research on the death of overwork, It is committed to the development of policies to prevent overwork and to take corresponding preventive measures. The Law on Occupational Safety and Health is a law regulating the management of labor safety, including relevant legislative provisions on the prevention of overwork. In 2005, it has been amended and the employer's obligation to arrange for a long-time working worker (as applied) and a physician must be arranged. In this paper, through the introduction of the legal relief and prevention of overwork in Japan, it is hoped that we can sum up the experience and realize the work-related injury identification and relief of the "overwork" workers, but the most important is to prevent the appearance of the "overwork" and guarantee the physical and mental health of the workers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D931.3;DD912.5
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