外交介入國家豁免訴訟之“補缺”功能與結構安排
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-23 06:17
【摘要】：外交部門介入本國法院審理的以外國國家為被告的案件,從結構上彌補了普通民事訴訟程序適用于主權國家所面臨的對外關系利益主體缺位,具有保障司法居中裁判之"補缺"功能,而非代行司法裁判權。國家豁免訴訟制度的結構安排為此提供了平衡保障。美國聯(lián)邦法院的司法判例、"泰特公函"和1976年《美國外國主權豁免法》的發(fā)展演變表明,對外關系利益與私人權益的平衡(而非外交與司法權限的劃分)是外交介入國家豁免訴訟的決定性因素。對外關系利益與私人權益的重合使得外交介入國家豁免訴訟面臨再次失衡的可能,應受到外部制衡。我國可以在國家豁免制度立法中規(guī)定利益平衡原則,明文賦予外交"補缺"國家豁免訴訟之功能,并從外交介入的形式、效力和事項范圍三個方面保障此種"補缺"功能之實現,維護我國對外關系領域的公私利益。
[Abstract]:The involvement of diplomatic departments in cases involving foreign countries as defendants in their own courts has made up for the absence of the subjects of interest in foreign relations that ordinary civil proceedings apply to sovereign states. It has the function of ensuring that the judicature is in the center, but not the power of judicial adjudication. The structure of the state immunity litigation system provides a balanced guarantee for this. The judicial jurisprudence of the United States Federal Court, the evolution of the Tate official letter and the 1976 United States Act on Foreign Sovereign Immunities indicate that The balance between the interests of foreign relations and private rights (rather than the division of diplomatic and judicial powers) is the decisive factor for diplomatic intervention in state immunity litigation. The coincidence of the interests of foreign relations and private interests makes the diplomatic intervention in state immunity litigation face the possibility of again imbalance, and should be subject to external checks and balances. Our country can stipulate the principle of balance of interests in the legislation of the system of state immunity, explicitly endow diplomacy with the function of "filling up" the function of state immunity litigation, and from the form of diplomatic intervention, The effectiveness and scope of affairs guarantee the realization of this function and safeguard the public and private interests in the field of foreign relations.
【作者單位】： 華東政法大學國際法學院;
【基金】：國家社會科學基金項目(15BFX203)
【分類號】：D971.2;DD911
本文編號：2350578
[Abstract]:The involvement of diplomatic departments in cases involving foreign countries as defendants in their own courts has made up for the absence of the subjects of interest in foreign relations that ordinary civil proceedings apply to sovereign states. It has the function of ensuring that the judicature is in the center, but not the power of judicial adjudication. The structure of the state immunity litigation system provides a balanced guarantee for this. The judicial jurisprudence of the United States Federal Court, the evolution of the Tate official letter and the 1976 United States Act on Foreign Sovereign Immunities indicate that The balance between the interests of foreign relations and private rights (rather than the division of diplomatic and judicial powers) is the decisive factor for diplomatic intervention in state immunity litigation. The coincidence of the interests of foreign relations and private interests makes the diplomatic intervention in state immunity litigation face the possibility of again imbalance, and should be subject to external checks and balances. Our country can stipulate the principle of balance of interests in the legislation of the system of state immunity, explicitly endow diplomacy with the function of "filling up" the function of state immunity litigation, and from the form of diplomatic intervention, The effectiveness and scope of affairs guarantee the realization of this function and safeguard the public and private interests in the field of foreign relations.
【作者單位】： 華東政法大學國際法學院;
【基金】：國家社會科學基金項目(15BFX203)
【分類號】：D971.2;DD911
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