【摘要】：習(xí)慣作為一種有慣性的傳統(tǒng)資源,是人們?cè)陂L(zhǎng)期社會(huì)生活中自發(fā)形成的,為人類(lèi)群體普遍認(rèn)可和反復(fù)踐行的,具有一定社會(huì)強(qiáng)制力和公認(rèn)性的社會(huì)行為規(guī)則,與國(guó)家法發(fā)揮著不同的功用,有著自己獨(dú)立的生存空間。習(xí)慣作為法律淵源之,在世界上大多數(shù)國(guó)家都已得到普遍的承認(rèn)和重視。我國(guó)現(xiàn)行的法律中如《合同法》、《涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)合同法》和《民法通則》,雖然其對(duì)“國(guó)際慣例”及“交易習(xí)慣”已經(jīng)作了規(guī)定,也已經(jīng)提及了商務(wù)交往中的“習(xí)慣”,但對(duì)于“通常意義上”習(xí)慣的法律淵源地位并沒(méi)有作出一般規(guī)定,確立習(xí)慣的法律淵源地位是厘清諸多問(wèn)題的前提和先決性條件,是能夠運(yùn)用及如何運(yùn)用的基礎(chǔ)。 本文將沿著這樣的思路展開(kāi)：引言中分析為何關(guān)注我國(guó)法律淵源中的習(xí)慣問(wèn)題,探討習(xí)慣在我國(guó)的法律淵源中地位具有深刻的理論和實(shí)踐意義。 第一部分首先是概念界定,對(duì)法律淵源進(jìn)行多元化的分析,厘清習(xí)慣的內(nèi)涵,對(duì)目前我國(guó)法律淵源中的習(xí)慣問(wèn)題已有的研究成果進(jìn)行必要的梳理。 第二部分則運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)研究法、歷史考察法對(duì)習(xí)慣在我國(guó)法律淵源中的歷史演變進(jìn)行重述,試圖從習(xí)慣的歷史變遷中概括我國(guó)法律淵源中習(xí)慣演變的規(guī)律。 第三部分分析習(xí)慣作為法律淵源的必要性和必備條件,必要性主要從歷史考量、規(guī)范層面、法理依據(jù)、法社會(huì)學(xué)依據(jù)、心理學(xué)等視角進(jìn)行分析；進(jìn)而靜態(tài)分析習(xí)慣作為法律淵源的必備條件和理由,習(xí)慣作為法律淵源也是有條件的,只有遵循公序良俗原則并具備合理性、合規(guī)性的習(xí)慣才能成為法律淵源,這就涉及到習(xí)慣的查明和識(shí)別機(jī)制,只有經(jīng)過(guò)科學(xué)分析、查明認(rèn)證、識(shí)別判斷等程序后,習(xí)慣才能成為法律淵源。那么,一旦確立習(xí)慣在法律淵源中的合理性地位,就涉及到實(shí)踐中習(xí)慣與其他法律淵源的協(xié)調(diào)問(wèn)題。 文章第四部分主要探討習(xí)慣與其他法律淵源的效力協(xié)調(diào)問(wèn)題,一是探討習(xí)慣與其他法律淵源效力協(xié)調(diào)原則；二是說(shuō)明習(xí)慣與其他法律淵源協(xié)調(diào)的實(shí)踐技術(shù)。 習(xí)慣的價(jià)值并不僅限于作為靜態(tài)的立法資源,更多的體現(xiàn)為動(dòng)態(tài)的司法適用,文章第五部分主要通過(guò)對(duì)習(xí)慣的調(diào)查和收集機(jī)制進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)分析,嘗試對(duì)習(xí)慣進(jìn)行規(guī)范化建設(shè)。確定習(xí)慣的法源地位是諸多問(wèn)題中的“先決”問(wèn)題,是能夠運(yùn)用以及如何運(yùn)用的前提,只有確立了習(xí)慣的法律淵源地位,實(shí)踐中才能更具有操作性。習(xí)慣引入司法裁判的前提是其應(yīng)當(dāng)具有合法的身份,被賦予法律淵源地位,才能名正言順。
[Abstract]:Habit, as a kind of inertia traditional resource, is formed spontaneously by people in long-term social life and is generally accepted and practiced repeatedly by human groups. It has certain social compulsion and accepted social behavior rules. And the national law plays a different function, has its own independent living space. Custom, as a source of law, has been universally recognized and valued in most countries in the world. In the current laws of our country, such as "contract Law", "Foreign Economic contract Law" and "General principles of Civil Law", although they have made provisions on "international practice" and "trading custom", they have also mentioned the "custom" in business exchanges. However, there is no general stipulation on the status of customary legal source in "normal sense". Establishing the status of customary legal source is the premise and prerequisite for clarifying many problems, and is the basis for its application and how to use it. This article will follow such a train of thought: the introduction analyzes why we pay close attention to the custom problem in our country's legal origin, and it has profound theoretical and practical significance to discuss the status of habit in our country's legal origin. The first part is the definition of the concept, the analysis of the diversity of the sources of law, clarify the connotation of habit, and the existing research results of the customary issues in the current legal sources of our country. In the second part, the author restates the historical evolution of habit in the origin of Chinese law by using the method of literature research and historical investigation, and tries to generalize the law of the evolution of habit in the origin of our country's law from the historical change of habit. The third part analyzes the necessity and necessary conditions of habit as the source of law. The necessity is mainly from the perspective of historical consideration, normative level, legal theory basis, sociology of law basis, psychology and so on. And then static analysis of the necessary conditions and reasons for habit as a source of law, habit as a source of law is also conditional, only by following the principle of public order, good custom and rationality, the habit of compliance can become a source of law. This involves the identification and identification mechanism of habits. Only after scientific analysis, identification, identification and judgment, can habit become a source of law. Once the rational status of custom in the source of law is established, it involves the coordination between custom and other sources of law in practice. The fourth part of the article mainly discusses the problem of the effectiveness coordination between custom and other sources of law, one is to explore the principle of coordination between custom and other sources of law, and the other is to explain the practical technology of the coordination between custom and other sources of law. The value of habit is not limited to the static legislative resources, more reflected in the dynamic judicial application, the fifth part of the article mainly through the dynamic analysis of habit investigation and collection mechanism, trying to standardize the habit construction. To determine the legal source status of habit is a "first decision" of many problems, and a prerequisite for its application and how to use it. Only by establishing the status of legal source of habit, can it be more operable in practice. The premise of introducing custom into judicial judgment is that it should have a legal status and be given the status of legal source.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D920.0

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