【摘要】：中國法律歷史悠久,但自中國法制史上第一部比較系統(tǒng)的成文法典《法經(jīng)》開了“諸法合體,民刑不分”的法典編纂體例的先河之后,中國法律文本一直以制定綜合性法典為原則。雖然也輔之以一些單項法律文件的方式,但實體法與程序法合一、民事法與刑事法一體的法典編纂方式始終是法律文本的主流。清末以降,隨著中華法系的解體與西方先進(jìn)法文化的輸入,中國傳統(tǒng)法制經(jīng)受了各種挑戰(zhàn)。從19世紀(jì)中葉之后的洋務(wù)派的引進(jìn)西法,到戊戌變法,再到清末法制改革和部門法編訂開始,該種法典編纂體例慢慢被打破,此后歷經(jīng)民國南京臨時政府時期、北洋政府時期和南京國民政府時期,便形成了民國時期的法律體系,這當(dāng)然以“六法全書”的形成為其代表。 民國時期法律體系的建構(gòu)是一個循序漸進(jìn)的過程,對其建構(gòu)的背景和基礎(chǔ)需要首先加以分析,其次是對其建構(gòu)的過程進(jìn)行介紹,再次是對其基本框架和主要特點的分析,最后是對其基本經(jīng)驗的深層次挖掘和闡釋。 民國時期法律體系建構(gòu)的背景主要有危機(jī)的促使與利益的誘導(dǎo)、西方法文化的輸入、司法的努力配合、法家的推動、自然經(jīng)濟(jì)的解體與資本主義經(jīng)濟(jì)的興起；其建構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)為“洋務(wù)運動”與西法引進(jìn)、戊戌變法與法制改革、清末新政與變法修律；其建構(gòu)的過程則分為三個階段,一是南京臨時政府對近代法律體系的建構(gòu),二是北洋政府對近代法律體系的建構(gòu),三是南京國民政府對近代法律體系的建構(gòu)；其基本框架則包括憲法、民法、刑法、民事訴訟法、刑事訴訟法和行政法；其主要特點則體現(xiàn)為：結(jié)構(gòu)體例的豐富——由諸法合體到六法體系,法律地位的上升——由君權(quán)至上到法律至上,司法獨立的出現(xiàn)——由行政與司法合一到司法獨立,保護(hù)對象的轉(zhuǎn)移——由自然經(jīng)濟(jì)到資本主義經(jīng)濟(jì),根本原則的轉(zhuǎn)變——由主權(quán)在君到主權(quán)在民,司法價值的進(jìn)步——由專制主義到人道主義；至于民國時期法律體系建構(gòu)的基本經(jīng)驗,則主要體現(xiàn)為以法律繼承和法律移植為主要手段,以本土化與國際化為基本目標(biāo)。認(rèn)真分析和研究以上一些基本問題,具有很強(qiáng)的理論意義和實踐意義。 如今,“建立中國特色社會主義法律體系”是我們面對的重要任務(wù)。如何建立,我國法律體系建構(gòu)過程中又存在哪些問題,這仍然需要我們解答。民國時期法律體系的建構(gòu)在法律繼承與法律移植以及本土化與國際化方面所體現(xiàn)出來的一些基本經(jīng)驗,對于我國現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的中國特色社會主義法律體系的建構(gòu)是有著很強(qiáng)的借鑒意義的。這一切,似乎可以通過對民國時期法律體系的建構(gòu)的研究而得到些許啟示。
[Abstract]:China has a long history of law, but since the first systematic written code in the history of the Chinese legal system, "the combination of laws, no division of civil and criminal punishment", Chinese legal texts have always been based on the principle of formulating comprehensive codes. Although it is supplemented by some individual legal documents, the substantive law and the procedural law are combined, and the codification of civil law and criminal law is always the mainstream of the legal text. At the end of Qing Dynasty, with the disintegration of Chinese legal system and the import of western advanced legal culture, Chinese traditional legal system experienced various challenges. From the introduction of Westernization after the mid-19th century to the Reform Movement of 1898, to the reform of the legal system in the late Qing Dynasty and the compilation of the Ministry Law, the codification system was gradually broken down, and then it went through the period of the Nanjing interim Government of the Republic of China. During the period of Beiyang Government and Nanjing National Government, the legal system of the Republic of China was formed, which of course was represented by the formation of the book of the six laws. The construction of legal system in the period of the Republic of China is a gradual process. The background and foundation of its construction need to be analyzed first, then the process of its construction is introduced, and then the basic framework and main characteristics are analyzed. The last part is the deep excavation and interpretation of its basic experience. The background of the legal system construction in the period of the Republic of China mainly includes crisis promotion and interest induction, the input of western method culture, the cooperation of judicial efforts, the promotion of legalists, the disintegration of natural economy and the rise of capitalist economy. Its construction is based on the "Westernization Movement" and the introduction of Western France, the Reform Movement of 1898 and the legal system Reform, the New deal and the Law Reform in the late Qing Dynasty, and the process of its construction is divided into three stages, one is the construction of the modern legal system by the Nanjing Provisional Government. The second is the construction of the modern legal system by the Beiyang government, the third is the construction of the modern legal system by the Nanjing National Government, the basic framework of which includes constitution, civil law, criminal law, civil procedure law, criminal procedure law and administrative law. Its main features are as follows: the richness of structure, from the combination of various laws to the six laws, the rise of legal status from the supremacy of monarchy to the supremacy of law, the emergence of judicial independence, from the integration of administration and judicature to judicial independence. The transfer of the object of protection from natural economy to capitalist economy, the change of fundamental principle from sovereignty to sovereignty in the people, the progress of judicial value from autocracy to humanitarianism; As for the basic experience in the construction of the legal system during the Republic of China, it is mainly embodied in the legal succession and legal transplantation as the main means, and in the localization and internationalization as the basic goal. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to analyze and study these basic problems. Nowadays, the establishment of socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics is an important task we face. How to establish and what problems exist in the process of legal system construction in our country, which still needs us to answer. The construction of the legal system during the Republic of China showed some basic experiences in the aspects of legal inheritance, legal transplantation, localization and internationalization. It is of great significance for the construction of socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics at the present stage of our country. It'seems that we can get some enlightenment through the study of the construction of the legal system in the Republic of China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D929

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