本文選題：轉(zhuǎn)基因 + 《生物安全法》　； 參考：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)》2014年06期

【摘要】：巴西目前有37個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)基因品種獲準(zhǔn)商業(yè)化,轉(zhuǎn)基因性狀包括除草劑抗性、昆蟲和病毒抗性�！栋臀魃锇踩ā穼�(duì)科研及市場(chǎng)產(chǎn)品研發(fā)過程中如何安全運(yùn)用遺傳工程技術(shù)建立了指導(dǎo)準(zhǔn)則,該法設(shè)立了新的機(jī)構(gòu)并讓高校與政府機(jī)構(gòu)參與共同制定生物安全指導(dǎo)方針、進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估和行政監(jiān)督。根據(jù)該法,巴西設(shè)立了"國(guó)家生物安全理事會(huì)"(CNBS),并重組了"國(guó)家生物安全技術(shù)委員會(huì)"(CTNBio)。CTNBio負(fù)責(zé)建立生物安全指導(dǎo)準(zhǔn)則,并向所有從事轉(zhuǎn)基因生物相關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)頒發(fā)"生物安全許可證"(CQB)�！渡锇踩ā穼⑺羞`反其準(zhǔn)則的行為或不作為均視為違法。在注冊(cè)與監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)(OERF)確定制裁標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、規(guī)定罰金數(shù)額并提交給聯(lián)邦政府后,即可對(duì)違法行為實(shí)施制裁。除此之外,巴西有關(guān)轉(zhuǎn)基因生物的重要法規(guī)還有第8078號(hào)法,該條款賦予國(guó)內(nèi)所有消費(fèi)者知情權(quán)。依據(jù)該法律,巴西司法部建立了食品標(biāo)識(shí)體系,規(guī)定人體食用或飼料用食品或食品成分若含有超過1%的轉(zhuǎn)基因生物成分,必須在商品標(biāo)簽上注明并附轉(zhuǎn)基因標(biāo)志(正中間含有字母T的黃色三角形)。不可否認(rèn),在這部新的《生物安全法》頒布實(shí)施后,遺傳工程技術(shù)在巴西農(nóng)業(yè)中的應(yīng)用呈現(xiàn)快速增長(zhǎng)。毫無疑問,在各機(jī)構(gòu)的協(xié)作參與下,生物安全立法框架中的法律、規(guī)定和指導(dǎo)準(zhǔn)則聯(lián)合作用,讓投資者、科研工作者、公私營(yíng)機(jī)構(gòu)及其他所有巴西農(nóng)業(yè)的利益相關(guān)者重拾信心。
[Abstract]:Thirty-seven transgenic Brazilian varieties have been commercialized, including herbicide resistance. Resistance to insects and viruses. The Brazilian Biosafety Act establishes guidelines for the safe use of genetic engineering techniques in scientific research and market product development. The law creates new institutions and involves colleges and universities with government agencies in the development of biosafety guidelines, risk assessment and administrative oversight. Under the Act, Brazil established the National Council on Biosafety (CNBS) and reorganized the National Biosafety Technical Council (CTNBio) .CTNBio to establish guidelines on biosafety, Biosafety permits (CQB) are issued to all institutions involved in genetically modified organisms. The Biosafety Act makes it illegal to act or omit to act in violation of its norms. Sanctions for violations can be imposed after the registration and oversight body (OERF) establishes the sanctions, sets the amount of the fine and submits it to the federal government. In addition, Brazil's important GMO regulations include Act No. 8078, which gives all consumers in the country the right to know. Under the law, the Brazilian Ministry of Justice has established a food labelling system that stipulates that foods or food ingredients used for human consumption or feed contain more than 1 percent of genetically modified biological ingredients. The trade label must be marked and affixed with the genetically modified logo (yellow triangle with the letter T in the middle). It is undeniable that the application of genetic engineering technology in Brazilian agriculture has increased rapidly after the new Biosafety Act was enacted. There is no doubt that the combined role of laws, regulations and guidelines in the biosafety legislative framework, with the collaboration of institutions, will restore confidence to investors, researchers, public and private institutions and all other Brazilian agricultural stakeholders.
【作者單位】： 巴西農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究院大豆部;巴西農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究院總部;巴西圣保羅大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)部;巴西農(nóng)業(yè)部畜牧和食品供應(yīng)處;華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)作物遺傳改良國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;
【分類號(hào)】：D977.7;S188

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