發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-19 12:23

  本文選題：社會(huì)資本 + 農(nóng)村糾紛��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著農(nóng)村社會(huì)變遷，農(nóng)村糾紛以及糾紛解決機(jī)制也發(fā)生了變遷。在傳統(tǒng)糾紛以及糾紛解決方式占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位的背景下，同時(shí)出現(xiàn)了許多新問題。在傳統(tǒng)法學(xué)對(duì)于農(nóng)村糾紛解決的研究中，多采用現(xiàn)代法治作為解決農(nóng)村糾紛以及農(nóng)村糾紛解決機(jī)制構(gòu)建的方式，試圖通過對(duì)農(nóng)村糾紛以及糾紛解決機(jī)制的現(xiàn)代化供給來(lái)改變農(nóng)村糾紛以及農(nóng)村糾紛解決的問題，但對(duì)于糾紛解決機(jī)制的動(dòng)力機(jī)制以及相應(yīng)的社會(huì)基礎(chǔ)研究較弱。 從上世紀(jì)開始，社會(huì)資本理論開始成為社會(huì)科學(xué)領(lǐng)域中廣泛采用的理論框架，從社會(huì)資本視角來(lái)看，糾紛和糾紛解決是嵌入在變遷的農(nóng)村社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)之中的，只有對(duì)變遷社會(huì)中的農(nóng)村社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行深入的研究，才能夠更好的理解、解釋和建構(gòu)農(nóng)村糾紛解決制度，，重建農(nóng)村的社會(huì)秩序社會(huì)資本在宏觀上為不同群體提供信任、社會(huì)參與網(wǎng)絡(luò)以及規(guī)范，在微觀上為糾紛解決參與人提供社會(huì)動(dòng)員力量，并通過微觀上的社會(huì)資本的交換得到社會(huì)秩序的再生產(chǎn)。 對(duì)于急速變遷的中國(guó)農(nóng)村糾紛及其解決方式的研究來(lái)說，社會(huì)資本是一個(gè)解釋糾紛及其解決方式的新視角。傳統(tǒng)和現(xiàn)代的多重因素影響到了農(nóng)村糾紛及其解決的運(yùn)行。社會(huì)資本理論可以彌補(bǔ)傳統(tǒng)法學(xué)研究中排斥人情、關(guān)系、面子等因素對(duì)于糾紛及其解決的影響，從而將各種非正式規(guī)范和法律等正式規(guī)范的互動(dòng)和協(xié)作。社會(huì)資本理論關(guān)注嵌入在社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)中的行動(dòng)，糾紛及其解決都嵌入在社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)中，受到社會(huì)資本的影響。變遷中的農(nóng)村處在傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)資本和現(xiàn)代社會(huì)資本都相對(duì)缺少的狀態(tài)，原來(lái)的傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)規(guī)范和以法律為主的現(xiàn)代法律規(guī)范都受到了影響。 農(nóng)村社會(huì)的急劇變遷導(dǎo)致農(nóng)村社會(huì)資本存在著斷裂和缺失，人際關(guān)系、農(nóng)民的價(jià)值世界、文化空間等發(fā)生了變化，原有的社會(huì)規(guī)范因?yàn)槿狈ο鄳?yīng)的社會(huì)資本的支持，不能夠?yàn)檗r(nóng)村社會(huì)秩序提供充分的保障，而國(guó)家法律也不能順利得到農(nóng)民的內(nèi)在認(rèn)同，從而出現(xiàn)法律適用不暢通和原有社會(huì)規(guī)范失效等雙重問題。不僅影響著農(nóng)村糾紛解決性質(zhì)，也影響著農(nóng)民對(duì)于糾紛解決方式的選擇，也影響著糾紛解決方式的效果。 同時(shí)農(nóng)村社會(huì)的變遷也帶來(lái)了農(nóng)村社會(huì)資本的多樣化，為農(nóng)村社會(huì)秩序的重建提供了不同的需求�？傮w上來(lái)說，因?yàn)檗r(nóng)村的分化，內(nèi)生出了對(duì)于法律的需求，因此出現(xiàn)“迎法下鄉(xiāng)”的需要，同時(shí)，國(guó)家出于治理的需要，具有“送法下鄉(xiāng)”需要，二者只有在社會(huì)資本能夠充分支持的時(shí)候才能夠得到相互的銜接與融合。 傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)中，當(dāng)事人更加強(qiáng)調(diào)利益背后的情感因素，面子、人情等因素具有重要的價(jià)值，而社會(huì)的變遷，帶來(lái)了農(nóng)民行為準(zhǔn)則的理性化。理性化使得農(nóng)村糾紛解決中利益衡量成為主要考慮因素，農(nóng)村糾紛解決中是采取隱忍或者壓服甚至采取毀滅型的暴力方式，就比之前的選擇更為復(fù)雜。農(nóng)民個(gè)人脫離了原來(lái)相對(duì)封閉的鄉(xiāng)村地理環(huán)境和文化環(huán)境的約束，從而擁有更多的行為選擇空間，不再有絕對(duì)的社會(huì)輿論壓力可以嚴(yán)重的削弱農(nóng)民的生活水平和社會(huì)地位。 只有在農(nóng)村重新建構(gòu)起來(lái)日常生活中的社會(huì)資本，形成足夠的維系農(nóng)村社會(huì)秩序的社會(huì)壓力，進(jìn)而使得農(nóng)村的糾紛解決能夠在多元化的糾紛解決方式之間形成良好的互動(dòng)和相互協(xié)調(diào)，才能在日常生活中完成國(guó)家和社會(huì)的良性互動(dòng)。 社區(qū)化建設(shè)需要解決農(nóng)民人際關(guān)系的重構(gòu)，將原來(lái)建立在血緣和地緣基礎(chǔ)上的特殊信任擴(kuò)展為建立在分工基礎(chǔ)之上的普遍信任。這相應(yīng)需要解決兩個(gè)問題，一個(gè)是農(nóng)民角色的職業(yè)化，二是次級(jí)群體的社會(huì)化。通過這兩個(gè)問題的解決，將農(nóng)民身份轉(zhuǎn)換為公民身份，將人際間的特殊信任轉(zhuǎn)換為普遍信任，進(jìn)而重構(gòu)農(nóng)民現(xiàn)代化的人際關(guān)系。并在此基礎(chǔ)上形成多元有序的社會(huì)資本結(jié)構(gòu)，為以司法為中心的多元化農(nóng)村糾紛解決機(jī)制的構(gòu)建提供社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)。 基于上述分析，本文認(rèn)為，要想建立適應(yīng)變遷社會(huì)中的農(nóng)村社會(huì)秩序的糾紛解決機(jī)制，需要從農(nóng)村的日常生活實(shí)踐著手，通過農(nóng)村社區(qū)化建設(shè)，在農(nóng)民的日常生活實(shí)踐中培育起來(lái)足夠的社會(huì)資本，產(chǎn)生滿足農(nóng)村需要的信任機(jī)制、有機(jī)的參與網(wǎng)絡(luò)和相適應(yīng)的規(guī)范系統(tǒng)。只有這樣，農(nóng)村社會(huì)變遷才能夠?yàn)榧m紛解決系統(tǒng)的建立提供充分的社會(huì)基礎(chǔ)，形成既能夠適應(yīng)傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)村社會(huì)的社會(huì)資本要求，又能夠滿足變遷社會(huì)的糾紛解決機(jī)制，形成以現(xiàn)代法治理念為基礎(chǔ)的以司法為中心的現(xiàn)代糾紛解決機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:With the change of rural social change , rural dispute and dispute settlement mechanism , there are many new problems . In the study of traditional dispute and dispute resolution mode , many new problems have emerged . In the study of the traditional law on rural dispute settlement , the author tries to solve the problem of rural dispute and rural dispute settlement by the modern supply of modern rule of law as a solution to rural disputes and rural dispute settlement mechanism . However , the motive mechanism of dispute resolution mechanism and the corresponding social base study are weak .

Starting from the last century , social capital theory has become a widely used theoretical framework in the field of social science . From the perspective of social capital , the dispute and dispute settlement are embedded in the changing rural social structure .

Social capital theory is a new visual angle for explaining disputes and their solutions . Traditional and modern multi - factors influence rural disputes and their solutions . Social capital theory can make up for the interaction and collaboration of formal norms such as human feelings , relations and faces in traditional legal studies . Social capital theory focuses on actions , disputes and solutions embedded in the social structure , which are embedded in the social structure and are influenced by social capital .

The rapid change of the rural society has led to the change of the rural social capital , such as fracture and lack , interpersonal relationship , the value of the peasants , the cultural space and so on . The original social norm can not provide sufficient guarantee for the rural social order because of the lack of corresponding social capital .

At the same time , the changes of the rural society also bring about the diversification of the rural social capital and provide different needs for the reconstruction of the rural social order . Generally speaking , because of the differentiation of the countryside , the needs of the law need to be created . At the same time , the need of the " going to the countryside " is needed . At the same time , the country can get the mutual cohesion and integration only when the social capital is fully supported .

In the traditional society , the parties have more emphasis on the factors , such as emotional factors , faces and human feelings behind the interests , and the changes of the society bring about the rationalization of the peasant ' s code of conduct . The rationalization makes the benefit measurement in the rural dispute settlement become the main factor , and the rural dispute settlement is more complicated than the previous choice . The peasant individual has separated from the original relatively closed rural geographical environment and cultural environment , thus having more behavior choice space , no more absolute social public opinion pressure can severely weaken the living standard and social status of the peasants .

Only in the countryside re - establish the social capital in daily life , form enough social pressure to maintain social order in the rural area , thus make the rural dispute resolution be able to form good interaction and mutual coordination among the pluralistic dispute resolution mode , can the benign interaction between the country and society can be completed in daily life .

Community construction needs to solve the reconstruction of farmer ' s interpersonal relationship , and the special trust extension established on the basis of blood and geographical edge is the universal trust based on the division of labor . This needs to solve two problems , one is the professionalism of the peasant ' s role and the socialization of the secondary group . Through the solution of these two problems , the transformation of the identity of the farmer into the general trust and the reconstruction of the relationship between the peasant ' s modernization and the formation of the pluralistic and ordered social capital structure provide the social structure foundation for the construction of the pluralistic rural dispute settlement mechanism with the centre of justice .

Based on the above analysis , in order to establish a dispute settlement mechanism adapted to the rural social order in the transition society , it is necessary to start from the practice of daily life in the countryside , to cultivate sufficient social capital in the daily life practice of the peasants , to produce the trust mechanism which can meet the needs of the countryside , to participate in the network and to adapt to the standard system . Only in this way , the rural social change can provide a sufficient social basis for the establishment of the dispute resolution system , and can satisfy the social capital requirement of the traditional rural society and the dispute resolution mechanism of the change society , and form the modern dispute resolution mechanism based on the modern rule of law concept .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D90-052

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