本文選題：啟蒙法律思想 + 天下為主��； 參考：《遼寧大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：黃宗羲是我國明末清初的偉大啟蒙思想家。面對明朝滅亡，清朝崛起，他在總結(jié)明朝滅亡的教訓(xùn)中，開始系統(tǒng)地對運行兩千多年中國封建政治和法律制度進行反思，他逐漸發(fā)現(xiàn)明朝滅亡不是一種偶然現(xiàn)象，而是中國封建政治和法律制度腐朽使然。他對中國封建千百年來奉為圣明政治法律觀念和制度，進行了徹底地批判，并破天荒地提出了一系列具有顛覆性和創(chuàng)新性政治法律思想，諸如，他提出了極具現(xiàn)代意識的民主、法治和權(quán)力分立思想，這些新思想與正在興起的歐洲啟蒙思想家的法律思想具有驚人的相似之處。本文以《明夷待訪錄》依據(jù)，對黃宗羲的啟蒙法律思想進行系統(tǒng)梳理研究，希求探索中國近代法律思想起源，并尋找人類在由封建制向近代社會演進過程中對法律基本問題具有共性的法律思想和法律制度的設(shè)計。從而加深黃宗羲啟蒙法律思想內(nèi)容和價值的再認識。 本文正文是由三部分組成，首先是對黃宗羲《明夷待訪錄》中啟蒙法律思想淵源進行考察，黃宗羲啟蒙法律思想是在吸收了儒家民本和道家無君論的思想，在面臨著風(fēng)雨飄揚的明朝政治和不斷發(fā)展的資本主義下產(chǎn)生的，其次，分析了家天下的起源，否定了君主專制制度，闡述了黃宗羲的“天下為主，，君為客”的思想；批判了“一家之法”的專制法律，提倡要恢復(fù)“三代之法”“天下之法”；黃宗羲針對君主專制制度提出了以“學(xué)校”制約行政權(quán)力、以“宰相”制約君主權(quán)力，以“方鎮(zhèn)”制約中央權(quán)力，最后，黃宗羲的啟蒙法律思想，體現(xiàn)了我國古代法律思想的民主性精華，同時也為后來的資產(chǎn)階級運動提供了理論武器。黃宗羲啟蒙法律思想中的民主、法治、分權(quán)思想仍給我們今天的法治建設(shè)提供了無盡的啟示。
[Abstract]:Huang Zongxi was a great enlightenment thinker in late Ming and early Qing Dynasty. In the face of the death of the Ming Dynasty and the rise of the Qing Dynasty, he began to systematically reflect on the feudal political and legal system running for more than 2,000 years in the process of summing up the lessons of the death of the Ming Dynasty. He gradually realized that the demise of the Ming Dynasty was not an accidental phenomenon. It is the decay of China's feudal politics and legal system. He made a thorough criticism of the political and legal concepts and systems that China had regarded for thousands of years, and put forward, for the first time, a series of subversive and innovative political and legal ideas, such as democracy with a very modern consciousness. The new ideas of rule of law and separation of powers are strikingly similar to those of the rising European enlightenment thinkers. On the basis of "Ming Yi to be interviewed", this paper makes a systematic study of Huang Zongxi's enlightening legal thought, hoping to explore the origin of modern Chinese legal thought. We also seek the design of legal thought and legal system which have common character to the basic problems of law in the course of evolution from feudal system to modern society. In order to deepen Huang Zongxi enlighten the legal content and value of re-understanding. The text of this paper is composed of three parts. The first part is to investigate the origin of the enlightenment legal thought in Huang Zongxi's "Ming Yi to be interviewed". Huang Zongxi's enlightenment legal thought is to absorb the Confucian thought of the people and the Taoism without a monarch. In the face of the wind and rain of the Ming Dynasty politics and the continuous development of capitalism, secondly, analyzed the origin of the home world, denied the autocratic monarchy system, elaborated Huang Zongxi's thought of "the world is the main, the king is the guest"; Criticizing the autocratic law of "law of one family" and advocating the restoration of "law of three generations" and "law of the world", Huang Zongxi proposed to restrict the administrative power by "school" and the monarch power by "prime minister" in view of the autocratic monarchy system. Finally, Huang Zongxi's enlightening legal thought embodies the essence of democracy of ancient Chinese legal thought and provides a theoretical weapon for the later bourgeois movement. Huang Zongxi's enlightening thought of democracy, rule of law and separation of powers still provides us with endless enlightenment to the construction of rule of law today.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D909.2

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