本文選題：群體糾紛 + 防范機(jī)制　； 參考：《湘潭大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：群體糾紛是指處于同一社會(huì)地位或具有同樣利益的群體，因?yàn)槟撤N共同的權(quán)益訴求而與另一群體或者個(gè)人發(fā)生的對(duì)抗?fàn)顟B(tài)。它包含群體糾紛所涉主體人數(shù)較多、所涉利益訴求相同、所涉主體的行為趨同、內(nèi)容復(fù)雜、沖突強(qiáng)烈、影響廣泛的特征。它本質(zhì)上是群體的維權(quán)行為。但是相比一般法律糾紛來說，群體糾紛因所包含內(nèi)容的復(fù)雜性和多樣性以及涉及的利益廣泛多樣，使得這一維權(quán)行為兼具了正當(dāng)性與不正當(dāng)性、合法性與非法性的雙重屬性。同時(shí)，因主體人數(shù)眾多、所造成的影響廣泛，群體糾紛往往也具有高度的敏感性，存在著由利益矛盾沖突向政治矛盾沖突轉(zhuǎn)化的可能。 群體糾紛發(fā)生的原因有多種，利益分化及不同利益方差距的擴(kuò)大是群體糾紛產(chǎn)生的根本原因，利益表達(dá)機(jī)制的缺陷是群體糾紛產(chǎn)生的直接原因，博弈心態(tài)及利益博弈的失衡是群體糾紛產(chǎn)生的重要原因。據(jù)此，群體糾紛法律應(yīng)對(duì)機(jī)制的構(gòu)建應(yīng)包括以下幾個(gè)部分： 第一，構(gòu)建群體糾紛的防范機(jī)制。針對(duì)群體糾紛產(chǎn)生的原因，防范機(jī)制的構(gòu)建包括建立相對(duì)均衡的利益分配機(jī)制、建立健全相應(yīng)的法律監(jiān)督體系、完善和暢通利益表達(dá)機(jī)制以及增強(qiáng)弱勢(shì)群體的利益博弈力量。 第二，構(gòu)建群體糾紛的預(yù)警機(jī)制。長期以來，，群體糾紛預(yù)警機(jī)制的缺乏使得不能較早地發(fā)現(xiàn)群體糾紛產(chǎn)生的可能，進(jìn)而使得我們面對(duì)群體糾紛往往處于被動(dòng)地位。預(yù)警機(jī)制的構(gòu)建包括三個(gè)部分：建立覆蓋面廣泛、反應(yīng)靈敏迅速、多元立體的群體糾紛預(yù)警網(wǎng)絡(luò)，建立具有決策義務(wù)和調(diào)度權(quán)利的群體糾紛預(yù)警中心，建立與群體糾紛預(yù)警機(jī)制相配套的法律規(guī)范。 第三，構(gòu)建群體糾紛的化解機(jī)制，即訴訟機(jī)制與替代性糾紛解決機(jī)制。我國目前的群體訴訟機(jī)制由共同訴訟和代表人訴訟組成。這一群體訴訟制度由于制度的缺陷，使得實(shí)踐中也存在很多問題。針對(duì)這些問題，必須要打破現(xiàn)有群體訴訟中對(duì)參與人數(shù)“十人”的僵化界定，擴(kuò)大我國群體訴訟制度的適用范圍，將群體訴訟制度的各環(huán)節(jié)細(xì)化，簡化群體訴訟程序，降低訴訟成本，樹立司法權(quán)威。替代性糾紛解決機(jī)制相較于訴訟解決機(jī)制來說，具有靈活性、多樣性、溝通性、效益性、無門檻性的特點(diǎn)，使其在糾紛解決中運(yùn)用得越來越多。其形式主要包括協(xié)商與和解、人民調(diào)解、法院調(diào)解、仲裁、行政救濟(jì)幾種。這幾種機(jī)制在解決群體糾紛的過程中都或多或少地存在這樣或那樣的問題，這要求我們必須要完善替代性糾紛解決機(jī)制，包括正確認(rèn)識(shí)群體糾紛、拓寬替代性糾紛解決機(jī)制的形式，將替代性糾紛解決機(jī)制制度化、程序化。
[Abstract]:Group dispute refers to the group in the same social status or with the same interests, because of some common rights and interests of the group and other groups or individuals to take place against the state. It contains a large number of subjects involved in group disputes, the same interest claims, the behavior of the subject converges, the content is complex, the conflict is strong, and the influence is extensive. It is essentially a group of rights action. However, compared with general legal disputes, because of the complexity and diversity of the contents and the wide variety of interests involved, group disputes have the dual attributes of legitimacy and illegality, legitimacy and illegality. At the same time, because of the large number of subjects, the influence caused by a wide range, group disputes often have a high sensitivity, there is a conflict of interests from conflict to political conflict of the possibility of transformation. There are many reasons for the occurrence of group disputes. The differentiation of interests and the widening of the gap between different interests parties are the fundamental causes of group disputes, and the defects of interest expression mechanism are the direct causes of group disputes. The imbalance of game mentality and benefit game is the important reason of group dispute. Accordingly, the construction of the legal response mechanism of group disputes should include the following parts: First, construct the prevention mechanism of group dispute. In view of the causes of group disputes, the construction of prevention mechanism includes establishing a relatively balanced benefit distribution mechanism, establishing and perfecting the corresponding legal supervision system, perfecting and unblocking the interest expression mechanism and enhancing the benefit game power of the vulnerable groups. Second, build the early warning mechanism of group dispute. For a long time, the lack of early warning mechanism of group disputes makes it impossible to find out the possibility of group disputes earlier, which makes us often in a passive position in the face of group disputes. The early warning mechanism consists of three parts: the establishment of a wide coverage, rapid response, multi-dimensional early warning network of group disputes, and the establishment of a group dispute early warning center with decision-making obligations and scheduling rights. Set up the legal norm that matches the early warning mechanism of group dispute. Third, construct the resolving mechanism of group dispute, namely litigation mechanism and alternative dispute resolution mechanism. The current group action mechanism in China consists of joint action and representative action. Because of the defects of the system, there are many problems in practice. In order to solve these problems, we must break the rigid definition of "ten persons" in the existing group litigation, expand the scope of application of the group action system in our country, refine the various links of the group action system, and simplify the group litigation procedure. Reduce litigation costs and establish judicial authority. The alternative dispute resolution mechanism has the characteristics of flexibility, diversity, communication, efficiency and no threshold, which makes it more and more used in dispute resolution. Its forms include negotiation and reconciliation, people's mediation, court mediation, arbitration and administrative relief. These mechanisms have more or less some problems in the process of resolving group disputes, which requires us to improve alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, including the correct understanding of group disputes. Widen the form of alternative dispute resolution mechanism, institutionalize and program alternative dispute resolution mechanism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D90-052

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