本文選題：環(huán)境權(quán) + 性質(zhì)��； 參考：《湘潭大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：20世紀(jì)以來(lái),各種環(huán)境災(zāi)害頻繁發(fā)生,人類生存的環(huán)境日益惡化。環(huán)境權(quán)便是在這樣的背景下產(chǎn)生的,它的產(chǎn)生為人類應(yīng)對(duì)日益嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境危機(jī)提供了新的契機(jī)。我國(guó)關(guān)于環(huán)境權(quán)的研究始于20世紀(jì)80年代,至今仍沒(méi)有形成完全的理論自覺(jué)。這一切的理論貧弱,都為環(huán)境權(quán)的進(jìn)一步實(shí)現(xiàn)構(gòu)筑了一道道屏障。 環(huán)境權(quán)作為一項(xiàng)新型權(quán)利,它有別于傳統(tǒng)的權(quán)利類型,難以完全劃分到公法和私法的權(quán)利體系中去。環(huán)境權(quán)是以“社會(huì)”為本位,以“實(shí)質(zhì)正義”為價(jià)值目標(biāo),以“社會(huì)公共利益”為指向的,它符合社會(huì)權(quán)的本質(zhì)特征,因此環(huán)境權(quán)的性質(zhì)是一項(xiàng)社會(huì)權(quán)。作為社會(huì)權(quán)的環(huán)境權(quán),它的主體應(yīng)是人類社會(huì)。在環(huán)境危機(jī)面前,整個(gè)人類社會(huì)和自然體都是直接的受害者,但是自然體不能成為環(huán)境權(quán)的主體。自然體權(quán)利本質(zhì)上屬于道德權(quán)利,在法律的語(yǔ)境下自然體不能享有權(quán)利。這里的“人類社會(huì)”是一個(gè)整體性概念,又可細(xì)分為若干子主體:自然人、法律上的擬制人以及國(guó)際法視野下的國(guó)家,自然人又包括當(dāng)代人和后代人。 環(huán)境權(quán)的客體是自然環(huán)境的“生態(tài)品質(zhì)”。環(huán)境要素不能成為環(huán)境權(quán)的客體,它屬于資源權(quán)的客體。自然環(huán)境的“生態(tài)品質(zhì)”是指自然環(huán)境處在一種平衡的狀態(tài)中,只有在這種狀態(tài)下,自然環(huán)境才能更好地發(fā)揮它對(duì)人類社會(huì)生存與發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)性作用。 環(huán)境權(quán)的內(nèi)容包括環(huán)境享受權(quán)、環(huán)境知情權(quán)和環(huán)境參與權(quán)。環(huán)境享受權(quán)包含兩個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容,一方面是基于基本的安全、生存、發(fā)展需要,享有的無(wú)污染的環(huán)境的權(quán)利;另一方面是基于精神層面的需求,享有優(yōu)美的環(huán)境的權(quán)利。環(huán)境知情權(quán)是指環(huán)境權(quán)主體有權(quán)利知道其所居住的有關(guān)環(huán)境狀況的信息,政府履行對(duì)環(huán)境信息的披露義務(wù),彌補(bǔ)了環(huán)境權(quán)主體的信息不對(duì)稱。環(huán)境參與權(quán)是指環(huán)境權(quán)的主體對(duì)于國(guó)家的環(huán)境立法、環(huán)境政策的制定以及環(huán)境保護(hù)享有積極參與的權(quán)利。 通過(guò)對(duì)環(huán)境權(quán)的法理分析,進(jìn)一步廓清環(huán)境權(quán)的全貌,使環(huán)境權(quán)成為人們實(shí)實(shí)在在享有的權(quán)利類型,從而為環(huán)境權(quán)的進(jìn)一步實(shí)現(xiàn)作好理論上的鋪墊。
[Abstract]:Since the 20 ~ (th) century, various kinds of environmental disasters have occurred frequently, and the living environment of human beings has been deteriorating day by day. Environmental right comes into being under this background, which provides a new opportunity for mankind to deal with the increasingly serious environmental crisis. The research on environmental rights in China began in 1980's and has not yet formed a complete theoretical consciousness. All these theories are poor and weak, all for the further realization of environmental rights to build a barrier. As a new type of right, environmental right is different from the traditional type of right, and it is difficult to be completely divided into the system of public law and private law. The environmental right is based on "society", takes "substantial justice" as the value goal, and "social public interest" as the direction. It accords with the essential characteristic of social right, so the nature of environmental right is a social right. As the environmental right of social right, its main body should be human society. In the face of environmental crisis, the whole human society and natural body are direct victims, but natural body can not become the subject of environmental rights. The natural body right belongs to the moral right in essence, and can not enjoy the right in the legal context. The concept of "human society" is a holistic concept, which can be subdivided into several sub-subjects: natural person, legal fictitious person and state under the international law, and natural person includes present and future generations. The object of environmental right is the ecological quality of natural environment. Environmental elements can not be the object of environmental right, it belongs to the object of resource right. The "ecological quality" of the natural environment means that the natural environment is in a state of balance. Only in this state, can the natural environment play a better role in the survival and development of human society. The content of environmental right includes environmental enjoyment right, environmental right to know and environmental participation right. The right to enjoy the environment includes two aspects, one is based on the basic security, survival, development needs, enjoy the right to a non-polluting environment; on the other hand, based on the spiritual needs, enjoy the right to a beautiful environment. The environmental right to know means that the subject of environmental right has the right to know the information about the state of the environment in which he lives. The government fulfils the obligation to disclose the environmental information and makes up for the asymmetry of the information of the subject of environmental right. The right of environmental participation refers to the right of the subject of environmental right to actively participate in the national environmental legislation, the formulation of environmental policy and the protection of the environment. Through the legal analysis of the environmental right, the author further clarifies the whole picture of the environmental right, and makes the environmental right become the real type of rights enjoyed by people, thus laying a good theoretical foundation for the further realization of the environmental right.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D90

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