本文選題：出土文獻(xiàn) + 漢初　； 參考：《華東政法大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：漢代在中國(guó)歷史上占據(jù)著重要的地位。自戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)代以來(lái)，中國(guó)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、文化等在發(fā)展過(guò)程中第一次出現(xiàn)了鼎盛局面，著名的“文景之治”便發(fā)生在這一時(shí)期。探究這一現(xiàn)象背后的深層次原因，我們不得不從西漢政權(quán)建立伊始所確立的那些制度入手。漢初，政府在“內(nèi)憂外患”的背景下實(shí)行的制度有很多，，諸如占年制度、戶籍制度、土地制度、繼承制度等等。但這些制度大多是以傅籍制度為前提或者是為傅籍制度服務(wù)的。所謂“傅籍制度”就是將符合一定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的適齡人口登記在冊(cè)作為國(guó)家征發(fā)徭役、兵役依據(jù)的一項(xiàng)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)管理制度。這一制度對(duì)漢初政府在構(gòu)建嚴(yán)密的等級(jí)社會(huì)、防御外敵入侵、鞏固新生的國(guó)家政權(quán)、組織社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)等國(guó)家對(duì)內(nèi)、對(duì)外職能的履行方面發(fā)揮著不可替代的作用，對(duì)推動(dòng)漢初社會(huì)的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和國(guó)家的長(zhǎng)治久安起到了重要的作用。睡虎地秦墓竹簡(jiǎn)與張家山漢簡(jiǎn)均見(jiàn)《傅律》法律篇目，足見(jiàn)當(dāng)時(shí)政府對(duì)傅籍制度的重視程度。因此，研究漢初的傅籍制度，對(duì)于研究西漢初年經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮的成因、等級(jí)社會(huì)的構(gòu)建、授田制和繼承制度的運(yùn)行、以及后代徭役與兵役制度的演變過(guò)程等具有重要的學(xué)術(shù)意義，對(duì)于研究今天國(guó)家職能的履行、國(guó)家與公民的權(quán)利義務(wù)分配以及兵役制度的改革也有一定的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 以往由于史料的殘缺，學(xué)者對(duì)漢初傅籍制度的內(nèi)容和功能始終缺乏全面深入的了解，秦漢一批出土文獻(xiàn)的發(fā)現(xiàn)與公布為推動(dòng)這一領(lǐng)域的研究創(chuàng)造了條件。本文所稱“出土文獻(xiàn)”是指湖北云夢(mèng)睡虎地秦墓竹簡(jiǎn)、湖南里耶竹簡(jiǎn)、湖北江陵張家山漢簡(jiǎn)等出土文獻(xiàn)�！皾h初”一詞，本無(wú)確切概念，本文依據(jù)材料中最晚的張家山漢簡(jiǎn)《二年律令》為截止時(shí)間，故所稱“漢初”是指從西漢建立到呂后二年，即公元前202年1到公元前186年這一時(shí)間段。 為系統(tǒng)介紹西漢初年的傅籍制度，全文結(jié)構(gòu)及主要內(nèi)容如下：第一部分“漢初傅籍制度的淵源”，介紹漢以前傅籍制度的概況；第二部分“漢初傅籍的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及時(shí)間”，從年齡、身高及身體發(fā)育狀況、爵位三個(gè)方面介紹漢初傅籍的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。關(guān)于漢初傅籍的時(shí)間，指出傅籍與人口登記的時(shí)間是一致的，都是在每年的八月；第三部分“傅籍者的權(quán)利與義務(wù)”，介紹平民的義務(wù)與貴族的特權(quán)；第四部分“傅籍與占年、戶籍的關(guān)系”，探討傅籍變動(dòng)對(duì)占年和戶籍的影響；第五部分“傅籍的意義”，說(shuō)明傅籍制度是授田制能夠有效運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的保障和維系爵位繼承制度的基本前提。本文擬通過(guò)將出土文獻(xiàn)與傳世文獻(xiàn)相結(jié)合,運(yùn)用法學(xué)、歷史學(xué)、文字學(xué)等研究方法全面揭示西漢初年傅籍制度的概貌及其與占年、戶籍、土地、繼承等制度之間的關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:Han Dynasty occupies an important position in Chinese history. Since the warring States period, China's social economy, politics, culture and so on appeared for the first time in the development process the prosperous situation, the famous "Wen Jing Rule" took place in this period. To explore the deep reasons behind this phenomenon, we have to start with the institutions established at the beginning of the establishment of the Western Han regime. In the early Han Dynasty, the government carried out many systems under the background of "internal and external troubles", such as occupation system, household registration system, land system, inheritance system and so on. However, most of these systems are based on the Fourier system or serve for the Fourier system. The so-called "Fu nationality system" is a social and economic management system which takes the registration of the population of the appropriate age as the basis of the state's recruitment and corvee and military service. This system played an irreplaceable role in building a tight hierarchical society, preventing foreign enemies from invading, consolidating the new state power, organizing social and economic construction, and so on. It played an important role in promoting the social and economic development of the early Han Dynasty and the long-term stability of the country. Bamboo slips of Qin Tomb in Shuihudi and Han Bamboo slips of Zhangjiashan are listed in Fu Law, which shows that the government attached great importance to Fu Ji system at that time. Therefore, it is of great academic significance to study the causes of economic prosperity in the early Han Dynasty, the construction of hierarchical society, the operation of the system of granting land and inheritance, and the evolution of the system of corvee and military service. It is also of practical significance to study the implementation of state functions today, the distribution of rights and obligations between the state and citizens and the reform of military service system. In the past, due to the incomplete historical data, scholars always lacked a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the content and function of the Fu system in the early Han Dynasty. The discovery and publication of a number of unearthed documents in the Qin and Han dynasties created conditions for promoting the research in this field. The unearthed documents refer to the bamboo slips unearthed from Qin Tomb of Yunmeng Tiger Land, Hunan Liye bamboo slips, Hubei Jiangling Zhangjiashan Han bamboo slips and other unearthed documents. The term "early Han Dynasty" has no definite concept. In this paper, according to the deadline of the last Zhangjiashan Han slips, the "early Han Dynasty" refers to the period from the establishment of the Western Han Dynasty to the second year of Luhou. The period from 1 BC to 186 BC. In order to introduce the Fourier system in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, the structure and main contents of the paper are as follows: the first part, "the origin of the Fourier system in the early Han Dynasty", the general situation of the Fourier system before the Han Dynasty, the second part, "the Standard and time of Fu in the early Han Dynasty", from the age, Height and physical development, knighthood three aspects of the introduction of the early Han Fu Ji standards. With regard to the time of the early Han Dynasty, it is pointed out that the time of Fourier and population registration is the same, both in August of each year; the third part, "the rights and obligations of the Fourier," introduces the duties of the common people and the privileges of the aristocrats; the fourth part, "Fu Ji and Zhang Yian," The fifth part, "the meaning of Fu Ji", shows that the Fu nationality system is the guarantee of the effective operation of the land grant system and the basic premise of maintaining the inheritance system of title. By combining the unearthed literature with the handed down literature, this paper intends to comprehensively reveal the general picture of the Fourier system in the early Western Han Dynasty and its relationship with the system of occupation, household registration, land, inheritance and so on by using the research methods of law, history and philology.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D929

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