本文選題：英國(guó)高等法院 + 英國(guó)最高法院�。� 參考：《西北民族大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：英國(guó)是一個(gè)喜歡承襲法治傳統(tǒng),擁有悠久法制歷史的國(guó)家。英國(guó)在世界司法史上有著至關(guān)重要的地位,英國(guó)是普通法系司法制度的創(chuàng)始國(guó),創(chuàng)造了判例法制度,在英國(guó)憲政制度的發(fā)展過(guò)程中,司法不僅是其重要組成部分,而且成為英國(guó)憲政制度發(fā)展的推動(dòng)力。英國(guó)司法制度中例如公開(kāi)審判制、職業(yè)法官制、法律援助、陪審制等對(duì)世界各國(guó)的法律制度都產(chǎn)生的深遠(yuǎn)的影響。正因如此,英國(guó)的司法制度的變革和發(fā)展一直受到世界各國(guó)法學(xué)家的關(guān)注,英國(guó)高等法院改革作為英國(guó)近二十年來(lái)司法制度改革最突出的部分,成為各國(guó)法學(xué)家的研究熱占 英國(guó)進(jìn)行高等法院改革根本動(dòng)因是在于英國(guó)憲政制度中比較有特色的一點(diǎn)是在議會(huì)主權(quán)法律基本原則下,英國(guó)議會(huì)不僅享有立法權(quán)、而且還掌控了司法權(quán),這形成了英國(guó)立法權(quán)與司法權(quán)的熔融體制。這樣的體制產(chǎn)生了諸多弊端,受影響最大的就是英國(guó)的司法獨(dú)立進(jìn)程。隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展,憲政理論的進(jìn)步,國(guó)內(nèi)英國(guó)民眾對(duì)擁有獨(dú)立司法權(quán)更為強(qiáng)烈需求,國(guó)際歐盟法制的外在壓力,英國(guó)必須破除體制上的弊端進(jìn)行高等法院改革。近20年來(lái)英國(guó)高等法院改革腳步加快,并有了打破傳統(tǒng)的革新,最新的成果是英國(guó)有了自己的最高法院,最高法院在2009年底單獨(dú)設(shè)立,這在英國(guó)的司法史上有著跨時(shí)代的意義。我國(guó)的司法制度存在著諸多的不足,但很多弊端確和英國(guó)高等法院改革中要面對(duì)的問(wèn)題極為相似,所以認(rèn)清我國(guó)司法制度的弊端,并與英國(guó)的司法制度進(jìn)行比較研究,探討其高等法院改革中的經(jīng)驗(yàn)與不足,對(duì)我國(guó)的司法改革將有很大的啟示作用。本文通過(guò)對(duì)英國(guó)高等法院改革動(dòng)因、改革的內(nèi)容并伴之產(chǎn)生的法律、設(shè)立獨(dú)立最高法院這一最新成果、改革的目的與意義及對(duì)高等法院改革的評(píng)價(jià)等各方面進(jìn)行深入研究探討,并與我國(guó)的司法制度中存在的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行比較,以求對(duì)我國(guó)司法改革有所啟示和幫助。
[Abstract]:Britain is a country that likes to inherit the tradition of rule of law and has a long history of legal system. Britain plays an important role in the world judicial history. Britain is the founding member of the common law system and has created the case law system. In the process of the development of the British constitutional system, the judiciary is not only an important part of it. And become the driving force of the development of the British constitutional system. British judicial system, such as public trial system, professional judge system, legal aid, jury system and so on, have a profound impact on the legal system of countries all over the world. For this reason, the reform and development of the judicial system in Britain has been concerned by jurists all over the world. The reform of the British High Court, as the most prominent part of the reform of the judicial system in the past two decades, has become a hot topic for jurists from all over the world. The reason for the reform of the High Court in Britain lies in the fact that under the basic principle of parliamentary sovereignty law, the British Parliament not only has legislative power, but also has the judicial power. This formed the melting system of legislative power and judicial power in Britain. Such a system has many drawbacks, the most affected is the British process of judicial independence. With the development of the times and the progress of constitutional theory, there is a stronger demand for independent judicial power in Britain. Under the external pressure of the international EU legal system, the United Kingdom must break the defects of the system and carry out the reform of the High Court. In the past 20 years, the pace of reform of the British High Court has been accelerated, and the reform has broken the tradition. The latest achievement is that the United Kingdom has its own Supreme Court, which was set up separately at the end of 2009, which has a cross-epoch significance in the judicial history of the United Kingdom. There are many shortcomings in our judicial system, but many drawbacks are very similar to the problems faced in the reform of the British High Court, so we have a clear understanding of the shortcomings of our judicial system, and make a comparative study with the British judicial system. Discussing the experiences and deficiencies in the reform of the High Court will have a great enlightening effect on the judicial reform of our country. In this paper, the causes of the reform of the British High Court, the content of the reform and the law accompanying it, the establishment of the Independent Supreme Court, the purpose and significance of the reform, and the evaluation of the reform of the High Court are discussed in this paper. In order to enlighten and help the judicial reform of our country, this paper compares the problems existing in the judicial system of our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D956.1;D926

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