本文選題：法律解釋 + 解釋循環(huán)　； 參考：《山東大學》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：解釋循環(huán)是解釋學中一個重要課題,其典型的表述為：部分的理解依賴于對整體意義的理解,而對整體意義的理解又必須以對部分的理解為基礎。雖然哲學解釋學是由法律解釋學、宗教解釋學等局部解釋學發(fā)展而來,但是由于哲學層面的思考更具有宏觀性和普遍意義,因此,法律解釋學同樣受到哲學解釋學的影響,解釋循環(huán)在法律解釋學中同樣存在。國內學者在論及法律解釋時,已經(jīng)開始關注法律解釋的循環(huán)性特征,但除有少數(shù)學者對其有較為詳細的說明,目前尚未對該問題進行細致系統(tǒng)的研究。傳統(tǒng)法律解釋學將研究對象限制為法律規(guī)范,研究對象的單一,導致對于法律解釋過程的忽視,從而無法關注法律解釋中事實因素對于法律解釋的意義。而傳統(tǒng)法學研究多是站在立法者立場上,忽視法官在法律解釋中的能動作用,也使得對于法律解釋過程研究不夠重視。文章以法律解釋過程為指向,采用文獻研究、對比、實證分析等方法,系統(tǒng)分析法律解釋循環(huán)的具體表現(xiàn)形式,并揭示了法律解釋循環(huán)的理論和現(xiàn)實意義。 文章主體共分三個部分： 第一部分,法律解釋循環(huán)釋義。首先,概括了國內有關法律解釋含義的論述并指出其中的不足,指出法律解釋的場景是法律適用,法律解釋的對象包括法律、事實及兩者的互動關系,主體是法官,目標是構建個案裁判規(guī)范。其次,概括了學術界目前對于法律解釋循環(huán)問題的研究現(xiàn)狀。最后,闡述了法律解釋循環(huán)的兩大理論依據(jù),即解釋學循環(huán)和辯證法。解釋循環(huán)始終存在于解釋學的發(fā)展過程中,從方法論解釋學中作為理解和解釋的方法轉變?yōu)楸倔w論解釋學中理解與解釋存在和發(fā)展的途徑,解釋循環(huán)既是解釋的方法也是解釋的重要條件。辯證法則指明解釋循環(huán)的實質是矛盾運動,而循環(huán)運動的動因是思維本身的矛盾。 第二部分,法律解釋循環(huán)的內容。主要分析法律解釋循環(huán)在法律解釋過程中的具體表現(xiàn)形式。不同等級的法律規(guī)范之間、不同法典之間的法律條文、法律規(guī)范中的詞句與整體規(guī)范、法律條文之間都存在著多樣的循環(huán)關系。案件細節(jié)事實與整體事實之間也存在著循環(huán)關系。而法律規(guī)范與事實的互動循環(huán)是被傳統(tǒng)法律解釋學所忽視的重要關系,訴爭事實在與法律規(guī)范的互動中轉化為法律事實,法律規(guī)范在與訴爭事實的互動中轉化為審判規(guī)范,這是二者的循環(huán)互動。法律的意義與事實的法律意義結合,成為針對個案的裁判規(guī)范。作為解釋者的法官的前見是法律解釋得以進行的前提,而事實和規(guī)范限定著法官的解釋行為,法律解釋豐富了法官的前見。 第三部分,法律解釋循環(huán)的意義。法律解釋過程中的循環(huán)特征,對于法律解釋的研究及實踐具有重要的意義。第一,法律解釋循環(huán)有助于對法律解釋客觀性的理解；第二,法律解釋循環(huán)有助于對法律解釋有效性的論證；第三,法律解釋循環(huán)促進了法律解釋方法的研究和運用；第四,法律解釋循環(huán)有利于立法和司法在互動中實現(xiàn)法治；第五,法律解釋循環(huán)有助于認清法官在法律解釋中的作用,促使法官合理發(fā)揮能動性。 最后,文正指出法律解釋循環(huán)的過程指向雖然存在著不足,但對于解釋司法過程本質,指導實踐完善司法等方面存在著重要的積極意義。
[Abstract]:The interpretation cycle is an important subject in hermeneutics. The typical expression is that partial understanding depends on the understanding of the whole meaning, and the understanding of the whole meaning must be based on the understanding of the part. Although philosophical hermeneutics is developed from the local hermeneutics such as legal hermeneutics and religious hermeneutics, it is due to the philosophical level. It is more macroscopic and universal. Therefore, legal hermeneutics is also influenced by philosophical hermeneutics, and the circle of interpretation also exists in legal hermeneutics. Domestic scholars have begun to pay attention to the circulatory characteristics of legal interpretation in the case of legal interpretation. The traditional legal hermeneutics restrict the research object to the legal norm, the object of the study is single, which leads to the neglect of the process of legal interpretation, and therefore can not pay attention to the significance of the fact factors in the legal interpretation. But the traditional law research is mostly standing on the standpoint of the legislator and ignoring the judge. The dynamic role in the legal interpretation also makes the study of the process of legal interpretation lack of attention. The article focuses on the process of legal interpretation, uses literature research, contrast, empirical analysis and other methods, systematically analyzes the concrete manifestations of the legal interpretation cycle, and reveals the theoretical and practical significance of the legal interpretation cycle.
The main body of the article is divided into three parts:
The first part, the law explains the circular interpretation. First, it summarizes the discussion on the meaning of the domestic legal interpretation and points out the shortcomings, points out that the scene of the legal interpretation is the application of the law, the object of the legal interpretation includes the law, the fact and the interaction relationship between the two. The main body is the judge, the goal is to construct the standard of the case referee. Secondly, it summarizes the academic study. The current research status of the circle of legal interpretation and circulation is present. Finally, it expounds the two theoretical bases of the cycle of legal interpretation, namely the hermeneutic cycle and dialectics. The interpretation cycle always exists in the process of the development of hermeneutics, and from the methodology of hermeneutics to the understanding and interpretation of the interpretation and interpretation of ontology in the ontology hermeneutics. In the way of and development, the explanation of the cycle is both an explanation and an important condition for interpretation. The essence of the cycle of interpretation is a contradictory movement, and the motive of the circular movement is the contradiction of the thinking itself.
The second part, the content of the legal interpretation cycle, mainly analyzes the specific forms of the legal interpretation cycle in the process of legal interpretation. The legal provisions between different levels of law, the legal provisions between different codes, the words and sentences and the overall norms in the legal norms, and the various circular relations between the legal provisions. There is also a circular relationship between the whole facts. And the interaction cycle between the legal norms and the facts is an important relationship neglected by the traditional legal hermeneutics. The fact of litigation is transformed into the legal fact in the interaction with the legal norms. The legal norms are transformed into the trial norms in the interaction with the facts of the lawsuit. This is the circular interaction of the two parties. The combination of meaning and the legal meaning of the fact becomes the criterion for the case. The preview of the judge as the interpreter is the premise of the legal interpretation, while the facts and norms restrict the judge's interpretation, and the legal interpretation enriches the judge's view.
The third part, the significance of the legal interpretation cycle. The cycle characteristics in the process of legal interpretation have important significance for the study and practice of legal interpretation. First, the legal interpretation cycle helps to understand the objectivity of the legal interpretation; second, the legal interpretation cycle helps to demonstrate the validity of the legal interpretation; third, the legal interpretation follows. The ring promotes the research and application of the legal interpretation method; fourth, the legal interpretation cycle is beneficial to the realization of the rule of law in the interaction of legislation and judicature; fifth, the legal interpretation cycle helps to recognize the role of the judge in the legal interpretation and promote the judge to play its initiative in a reasonable way.
Finally, the paper points out that the process of the legal interpretation cycle points to the shortcomings, but it has important positive significance in explaining the essence of the judicial process and guiding the practice to improve the judicature.

【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D90

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