本文選題：政法傳統(tǒng)　切入點(diǎn)：陜甘寧邊區(qū)　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2012年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：“政法傳統(tǒng)”常被作為我們現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中諸多法律現(xiàn)象背后的體制背景與運(yùn)作邏輯。既有研究表明：“政法傳統(tǒng)”源于蘇維埃根據(jù)地、形成于陜甘寧邊區(qū)時(shí)期（以“馬錫五審判方式”為標(biāo)志），是立足于中國(guó)國(guó)情、具有中國(guó)特色的現(xiàn)代法律傳統(tǒng)，其基本內(nèi)涵指法律與政治緊密聯(lián)系，且法律服務(wù)于政治目的。但關(guān)于“政法傳統(tǒng)”的內(nèi)涵與特征的分析主要限于線條式勾勒，對(duì)于其源頭陜甘寧邊區(qū)司法的考察仍處于話(huà)題分散、研究對(duì)象割裂的狀態(tài)，未能將中國(guó)現(xiàn)代法律傳統(tǒng)、“政法傳統(tǒng)”以及陜甘寧邊區(qū)的司法實(shí)踐貫通，并在此基礎(chǔ)上考察“政法傳統(tǒng)”的根源及整體特征，而這樣的考察無(wú)疑有助于我們從源頭上了解“政法傳統(tǒng)”何以形成及其與特定司法環(huán)境的密切關(guān)聯(lián)，有助于我們加深對(duì)當(dāng)下司法問(wèn)題的理解與思考。 本文以陜甘寧邊區(qū)的司法檔案文獻(xiàn)為主要材料，以歷史研究法、案例分析法為主要分析手段，以陜甘寧邊區(qū)司法改革及其中的終審機(jī)構(gòu)政府審判委員會(huì)為雙重視角，著重探討司法層面的“政法傳統(tǒng)”在邊區(qū)司法改革時(shí)期的形成過(guò)程，在此基礎(chǔ)上提煉這一傳統(tǒng)的主要特征并分析其成因。同時(shí)，展示出革命法律史上這一段珍貴而完整的司法改革史，尤其是邊區(qū)政府審判委員會(huì)的改革歷史。 本文認(rèn)為，中華蘇維埃根據(jù)地的司法制度在移植前蘇聯(lián)法制的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行了適應(yīng)實(shí)際的變通，其司法機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)置傾向于集中、訴訟程序傾向于簡(jiǎn)化、司法功能側(cè)重于鎮(zhèn)壓反革命，初顯革命化“政法傳統(tǒng)”的雛形，成為邊區(qū)時(shí)期“政法傳統(tǒng)”形成的淵源。 1941至1944年間的陜甘寧邊區(qū)司法改革是“政法傳統(tǒng)”形成的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期。改革包括前期的司法正規(guī)化改革及后期“馬錫五審判方式”的推出及影響。國(guó)共合作的大背景、相對(duì)安定的后方環(huán)境及一批法律專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)分子進(jìn)入邊區(qū)，推動(dòng)了以建立新民主主義法制為目標(biāo)的司法正規(guī)化改革。雷經(jīng)天領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下的改革因?qū)φ?guī)化的誤解而走向了行政化。李木庵時(shí)期推行以完善審級(jí)體制、司法人員專(zhuān)業(yè)化、訴訟制度規(guī)范化、倡導(dǎo)刑事和解與民事調(diào)解為主要內(nèi)容的全面改革，使邊區(qū)司法制度開(kāi)始步入規(guī)范化軌道。但由于一元化政治體制的推行、整風(fēng)審干后期搶救運(yùn)動(dòng)的影響等，引發(fā)了邊區(qū)政府的司法檢查與改革轉(zhuǎn)向。邊區(qū)政府在對(duì)于司法正規(guī)化改革的檢討與反思中，終止了具有脫離實(shí)際傾向的正規(guī)化改革，明確了與國(guó)民政府司法制度分道揚(yáng)鑣，從實(shí)踐中探索立足邊區(qū)實(shí)際、貫徹民主集中制及群眾路線的新民主主義司法制度�！罢▊鹘y(tǒng)”的思路漸趨明晰。 與對(duì)司法正規(guī)化改革的檢討和反思并行，邊區(qū)政府及司法界開(kāi)始將目光轉(zhuǎn)向司法實(shí)踐，通過(guò)對(duì)基層司法經(jīng)驗(yàn)的總結(jié)、試驗(yàn)及與司法正規(guī)化改革的比較，推出了“馬錫五審判方式”，并以此為契機(jī)推動(dòng)了調(diào)解運(yùn)動(dòng)的普及，在整合全社會(huì)資源的基礎(chǔ)上，初步形成了糾紛解決的多元化機(jī)制，標(biāo)志著具有邊區(qū)特點(diǎn)的“政法傳統(tǒng)”的形成。 對(duì)于“政法傳統(tǒng)”形成過(guò)程的進(jìn)一步分析以改革中成立的三審終審機(jī)構(gòu)政府審判委員會(huì)為具體考察點(diǎn)：通過(guò)對(duì)其設(shè)立及發(fā)展歷史的分析，展現(xiàn)了司法獨(dú)立傾向與邊區(qū)一元化政治體制的沖突；通過(guò)對(duì)“安成福與趙積馀等人爭(zhēng)買(mǎi)土地案”訴訟過(guò)程的分析，展示出邊區(qū)訴訟模式具有強(qiáng)職權(quán)主義、當(dāng)事人主義及行政化的特點(diǎn)；通過(guò)對(duì)“王生秀與呼生祥窯產(chǎn)爭(zhēng)執(zhí)案”中訴訟審級(jí)作用的分析，闡明接近基層的二審（高等分庭）具有更多的審級(jí)優(yōu)勢(shì)。通過(guò)上述分析，揭示出“政法傳統(tǒng)”形成中政治體制的硬性約束、實(shí)踐中訴訟模式的變通及審級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)的建立理念，進(jìn)而表明現(xiàn)代法治的建立須立足本土環(huán)境的重要性。 在司法改革中漸趨形成的“政法傳統(tǒng)”立足于邊區(qū)復(fù)雜的法治環(huán)境，以中國(guó)革命成功的經(jīng)驗(yàn)為其理論基礎(chǔ)，在觀念層面體現(xiàn)了司法服務(wù)于政權(quán)工作和司法為民的理念，具有滌蕩舊污、革新社會(huì)基礎(chǔ)、化爭(zhēng)解紛的多重功能；在制度層面體現(xiàn)為司法構(gòu)造集中化、審級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)柱形化的特點(diǎn)；在運(yùn)作層面顯示出法官選任普通干部化、訴訟程序簡(jiǎn)便化、訴訟過(guò)程行政化、解紛方式多元化的特征。上述特征具有其邏輯自洽性。究其成因，主要緣于后發(fā)型現(xiàn)代國(guó)家以政黨為核心力量的革命形式與革命性質(zhì)、邊區(qū)司法的生態(tài)環(huán)境及傳統(tǒng)法律文化觀念的影響。同時(shí)，，又顯示出忽視對(duì)權(quán)力的規(guī)范與制約、忽視法官專(zhuān)業(yè)素質(zhì)及程序規(guī)范的局限。隨著時(shí)代背景的轉(zhuǎn)換，“政法傳統(tǒng)”也面臨著自我更新的困境和機(jī)遇。
[Abstract]:"The tradition of politics and law" is often regarded as system background and operation logic behind many legal phenomena in our real life. The existing research shows that: "the tradition of politics and law" originated in the Soviet base, formed during the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region (in the Ma Xiwu trial mode "as the symbol), is based on the modern legal tradition has Chinese conditions. China characteristics, its basic connotation refers to the law is closely linked with the political and legal services for political purposes. But the analysis of connotation and characteristics about" political tradition "is mainly limited to line type outline, for the source of the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region judicial is still in the topic research object scattered, fragmented state, failed to China modern law the traditional" through the judicial practice of the tradition of politics and law, the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region "and the origin, and on the basis of investigation of" the tradition of politics and law "and the overall characteristics, and this study undoubtedly It helps us understand from the source how the "political and legal tradition" form and its close connection with the specific judicial environment, which helps us to deepen our understanding and thinking about the current judicial issues.
In this paper, the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region judicial archives as the main material, with historical research method, case analysis method as the main analysis means, the government agencies to the judicial committee of the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border area judicial reform and the dual perspective, focusing on the judicial level of "political tradition" in the forming process of the border area judicial reform period, mainly based on the characteristics of the traditional refining and analyzes its causes. At the same time, showing a precious and complete judicial reform history revolutionary legal history, especially the history of the reform of the judicial committee of the government.
This paper argues that the Soviet base of the justice system based on the former Soviet Union and the rule of law transplantation were adapted to practical work, the judicial institutions tend to concentrate, tend to simplify the procedure, the judicial function focuses on the suppression of counter revolutionaries, revolutionary prototype previews "political law tradition", become a source of the border area "the tradition of politics and law".
1941 to 1944 years of the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region judicial reform is the key period of the tradition of politics and law ". The reform including the introduction and influence judicial reform of pre and post regular" Temasek five trial mode ". The background of the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the relative stability of the rear environment and a number of law professional intellectuals into the border region, promote the judicial reform to establish a formal legal system of new democracy as the goal of reform. Under the leadership of Jingtian Lei because of the regularization of the misunderstanding to the chief. Li Muan period to improve the implementation of the trial level system, professional judicial personnel litigation system, standardized, comprehensive reform of criminal reconciliation and civil mediation as the main content the border region, the judicial system has entered a standardized track. But because of the implementation of centralized political system, the effect of the late rectification movement, led to the rescue, the border region government judicial examination Check and reform. The government in turn for judicial review and Reflection on the standardization reform, termination of the normal reform from the actual tendency, the national government judicial system and part company each going his own way, based on the practical exploration from the practice, implement democratic centralism and the mass line of the new democratic judicial system. "The tradition of politics and law" thinking is clear.
In parallel with the review and Reflection on judicial standardization reform, the government and judiciary began turning to judicial practice, through to the grassroots judicial experience, test and comparison with formal judicial reform, launched the "Ma Xiwu trial", and as an opportunity to promote the popularization of mediation movement, based on integration the whole social resources, initially formed a diversified dispute settlement mechanism, which marked with the characteristics of the tradition of politics and law ".
The tradition of politics and law "further analysis process to reform in the establishment of three tiered government agencies in order to study the judicial committee: through the establishment and development of the historical analysis, shows the conflicts between judicial independence and the tendency of centralized political system; through the analysis of" An Chengfu and Zhao Jiyu et al to buy land. "The litigation process, showing the pattern of litigation has strong authority principle, characteristics and litigant administration; through the analysis of the trial level role of" Wang Shengxiu and Hu Sheng Xiang kiln produces dispute case "in litigation, clarify the second instance (close to the grass roots of the higher court) has more trial advantages. Through the above analysis, reveals the" tradition of politics and law "in the formation of the political system of the rigid constraints, flexible and trial level structure in practice litigation pattern, the establishment of the concept, and then established the modern rule of law should be established Based on the importance of soil environment.
In the process of judicial reform is to form a "political tradition" based on the complex environment of rule of law, to China revolution successful experience for the theoretical foundation, at the conceptual level, reflects the judicial service in the regime and the concept of justice for the people, with washing away dirt, social foundation, multiple functions of dispute dispute resolution; at the system level to reflect the structural characteristics of judicial centralization, trial level structure of the column; at the operational level shows the judge selection of ordinary cadres, the procedure is simple, the process of administrative litigation, dispute settlement characteristics of diversification. The characteristics of the self consistent logic. The reasons for revolution and revolution the nature of the modern state is mainly due to the hair after the party as the core strength, affecting the ecological environment and the judicial concept of traditional legal culture. At the same time, it shows the neglect of power regulation and control, neglect With the change of the background of the times, the "tradition of political law" is also facing the dilemma and opportunity of self renewal with the change of the background of the times.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D926;D929

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本文編號(hào)：1596247