本文選題：秦漢家族法　切入點(diǎn)：家族形態(tài)　出處：《東北師范大學(xué)》2012年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：秦漢家族法是用來(lái)調(diào)整家族內(nèi)各成員間關(guān)系的法律規(guī)范，其內(nèi)容包括刑法與民法中的諸多內(nèi)容，作為法學(xué)的分支，家族法是國(guó)法的重要組成部分，是國(guó)家對(duì)家族進(jìn)行控制的重要手段。家族法依靠國(guó)家的強(qiáng)制力保證其實(shí)施，調(diào)整社會(huì)關(guān)系，維護(hù)社會(huì)秩序。 秦漢家族法在秦漢政治體制和鄉(xiāng)里社會(huì)起著非常重要的作用。其內(nèi)容包括刑法中的犯罪問題，民法中的繼承、婚姻等問題，對(duì)秦漢家族法及其相關(guān)問題的研究，不僅關(guān)系到家族法的起源及其發(fā)展演變的過(guò)程，更關(guān)系到后世對(duì)家族法的準(zhǔn)確認(rèn)識(shí)，也可以使我們對(duì)秦漢律令學(xué)有一個(gè)更加全面而深刻的理解和認(rèn)識(shí)。 當(dāng)前，學(xué)界對(duì)秦漢家族法的研究雖然取得了一些成果，但由于資料匱乏，對(duì)其研究仍處于拓荒階段，值得我們進(jìn)一步地探討和研究：一是缺乏全面而系統(tǒng)的研究著作；二是對(duì)秦漢家族法的研究不夠深入。表現(xiàn)在對(duì)家族法與其他政治制度的關(guān)系論述不夠；家族法內(nèi)部各法律間相互依托、相互制約的關(guān)系論述不夠。三是對(duì)秦漢家族法的整體定位欠缺，很少有學(xué)者將家族法納入到中華法律體系中進(jìn)行整體的論述。 因此，本文以秦漢家族法為研究視角，首先探討秦漢時(shí)期的家族形態(tài)，進(jìn)而討論由家族形態(tài)決定的家族成員間的法律關(guān)系，然后全面論述秦漢家族法中的家族繼承、家族婚姻以及家族犯罪等問題，以期勾勒出秦漢家族法的全貌，較系統(tǒng)地探討秦漢家族法的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)，探索秦漢家族法在秦漢律令學(xué)中的地位和作用。 正文共分四章。 第一章探討的是秦漢時(shí)期的家族形態(tài)。共分四節(jié)。第一節(jié)論述了個(gè)體小家庭的形成。隨著生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展，宗族組織日益瓦解，個(gè)體小家庭脫離了宗族的控制，成為獨(dú)立的生產(chǎn)、生活單位。第二節(jié)論述了秦代的家族形態(tài)。從三方面進(jìn)行探討：一是分析商鞅變法后的家族形態(tài)；二是分析睡虎地秦簡(jiǎn)中對(duì)“同居”及“室內(nèi)”等概念的內(nèi)涵，看其所反映的家族形態(tài)；三是從里耶戶籍簡(jiǎn)的內(nèi)容看當(dāng)時(shí)的家族形態(tài)。最后得出秦是以小家庭即核心家庭和主干家庭為主的家族形態(tài)。第三節(jié)論述了西漢時(shí)期的家族形態(tài)仍是以核心家庭和主干家庭為主要形態(tài)；在國(guó)家政策的誘導(dǎo)和“孝”觀念的影響下，官僚貴族家族呈擴(kuò)大趨勢(shì)。 第二章探討的是秦漢時(shí)期的繼承法。共分四節(jié)。第一節(jié)從《置后律》是否存在、后及后子的含義、后子的權(quán)利等論述了秦代的爵位繼承；第二節(jié)論述了漢代的爵位繼承。從繼承的法律程序、繼承人的法定順序、繼承的原則、女子爵位繼承等方面進(jìn)行了分析；第三節(jié)探討了漢代戶主繼承。從繼承人的順序、寡為戶后、女子為戶、奴婢為戶、繼承原則、詐代戶的懲罰等六方面進(jìn)行了分析。第四節(jié)討論了漢代的財(cái)產(chǎn)繼承。一是從生分、析分、遺囑繼承等方面對(duì)繼承的方式進(jìn)行了分析和探討。二是論述了漢代女子的財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)，女子作為弱勢(shì)群體，在漢代不僅可以為戶，在特定的條件下還可繼承娘家和婆家的財(cái)產(chǎn)。 第三章探討了秦漢時(shí)期的婚姻法。共分二節(jié)。第一節(jié)討論了秦漢時(shí)期的婚姻形態(tài)。從婚姻法的淵源、一夫一妻制的確立以及婚姻的年齡，概述了秦漢時(shí)期的婚姻形態(tài)。第二節(jié)論述了秦漢婚姻法的內(nèi)容。從婚姻的成立、婚姻的解除、婚姻的范圍、婚姻法的特點(diǎn)等四個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了討論。 第四章探討了秦漢家族犯罪問題。共分二節(jié)。第一節(jié)論述了親屬間相犯。對(duì)父子、夫妻、同居之間的刑事犯罪做了探討，得出在秦漢社會(huì)，雖然每個(gè)人都有生命權(quán)，但夫尊于妻，父尊于子，在判罰和量刑上有著明顯的區(qū)別。第二節(jié)論述了秦漢時(shí)期的收孥與族誅，這是政府對(duì)家族成員犯罪采取的有效的社會(huì)控制方式，體現(xiàn)了古代法中刑事責(zé)任連帶的特點(diǎn)。 通過(guò)以上各章的分析，我們得出，秦漢時(shí)期的家族是在宗族組織日益瓦解的過(guò)程中發(fā)展演變而來(lái)，家族形態(tài)以核心家庭和主干家庭為主，聯(lián)合家庭雖然存在，但數(shù)量極少。家庭或者戶作為家族的實(shí)體形態(tài)已成為承擔(dān)國(guó)家賦稅、徭役的基本單位�；诖�，，國(guó)家制定了嚴(yán)密的戶籍管理制度和眾多的法律制度，對(duì)家族進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的控制。秦漢時(shí)期的家族法既借鑒了宗法中的相關(guān)制度，又吸收了古代刑法中的內(nèi)容，是調(diào)整家族內(nèi)各成員間關(guān)系的法律規(guī)范，包括繼承法、婚姻法和刑法等。 總之，秦漢家族法，作為秦漢律令體系的重要組成部分，繼承和發(fā)展了先秦時(shí)期法的精髓，豐富了秦漢法制史的內(nèi)容，維護(hù)了社會(huì)秩序，體現(xiàn)了古代法中男尊女卑、長(zhǎng)幼有序的等級(jí)秩序，對(duì)后世法律體系產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。
[Abstract]:Qin and Han family members is used to adjust the legal norms within the family relationship, which includes many contents of criminal law and civil law, as the branch of law, family law is an important part of the law, is an important means to control the family. The force of family law in the country to rely on social adjustment to ensure their implementation. The relationship, to maintain social order.
Qin family law plays a very important role in the Qin and Han Dynasty political system and village society. Its contents include the crime in the criminal law in the civil law, inheritance, marriage and family law research on the Qin and Han Dynasty and related issues, not only related to the process of the origin and development of family law evolution, but also related to the future understanding the family law, but also allows us to study of LV Ling Xue has a more comprehensive and profound understanding.
At present, the study of Han family law circle has made some achievements, but due to lack of information, the research is still in the pioneering stage, it is worth further exploration and research: one is the lack of comprehensive and systematic research work; two is the research on the Han family law is not deep enough. In relation to the family law and other political system discussion is not enough; the family law within the law to rely on each other, this interdependent relationship is not enough. Three is the overall positioning of the Han family law is lacking, and few scholars have family law into the system of the law in the whole paper.
Therefore, this article in Qin and Han Dynasty family law as a research perspective, first discusses the Qin and Han Dynasties family form, and then discuss the legal relationship is decided by the family form among family members, and then discusses the Qin and Han Dynasties in family law family inheritance, family marriage and family crime, in order to outline the Qin family law picture, a system to explore the development of family law in Qin and Han Dynasties, Qin and Han Dynasties to explore family law in the Qin and Han Ling Xue in the status and role.
The text is divided into four chapters.
The first chapter is the discussion of the Qin and Han Dynasties family form. It is divided into four sections. The first section discusses the formation of individual family. With the development of productive forces, the clan organization has disintegrated, individual family from clan control, become an independent production, living units. The second section discusses the Qin family of form. From three aspects: one is the analysis of the reform of Shang Yang after the family form; the two is the analysis of sleep "cohabitation" and "interior" concepts such as Shuihudi Qin Bamboo Slips, the reflected in family form; three is to look at the family household registration form from Liye content. Finally Jane Qin is a small family the nuclear family and stem family family form. The third section discusses the form of family is still the Western Han Dynasty to the core family and the backbone of the family as the main form; in the induction and thought of "filial piety" under the national policy, The bureaucratic aristocracy is expanding.
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