【摘要】：科學(xué)易是易學(xué)的一個(gè)分支,其內(nèi)容包括對(duì)科學(xué)技術(shù)及易學(xué)進(jìn)行跨學(xué)科跨領(lǐng)域的研究而得到的研究方法與成果的整體�？茖W(xué)易誕生于民國(guó),自上世紀(jì)八十年代第三次"周易熱"開始受到廣泛的注意。無論是易學(xué)研究者中還是科學(xué)研究者中對(duì)其評(píng)價(jià)都是爭(zhēng)議頗多。本文首先論述并分析了科學(xué)易的形成機(jī)制。民國(guó)時(shí)期的中國(guó)對(duì)一種源自中國(guó)本土,又能容納自然科學(xué)及科學(xué)技術(shù)帶來的變革的思想有需求。這是中國(guó)由于時(shí)代而產(chǎn)生的需求。這種需求使科學(xué)易的出現(xiàn)具有了必然性。易學(xué)研究縱向貫穿中國(guó)歷史,橫向影響古代中國(guó)社會(huì)的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。在易學(xué)形成和闡發(fā)的過程中伴隨著對(duì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)事實(shí)的描述,可究其內(nèi)容的成立其實(shí)并不依賴經(jīng)驗(yàn)事實(shí),這是易學(xué)的一種特殊性質(zhì)。這使得易學(xué)思想包容國(guó)人前所未見的種種科學(xué)理論成為了可能。在這樣的條件下,杭辛齋等學(xué)者采用了單向移植、雙科交融合多元綜合等方法以易學(xué)語言對(duì)近現(xiàn)代科學(xué)成果進(jìn)行重述,形成了民國(guó)時(shí)期的科學(xué)易。其次論述并分析了科學(xué)易的構(gòu)成。民國(guó)時(shí)期科學(xué)易研究者人數(shù)并不多,有完整著作的有杭辛齋、沈仲濤、丁超五、薛學(xué)潛以及劉子華等人。時(shí)間上貫穿了民國(guó)始末。內(nèi)容上易學(xué)思想部分主要繼承自前人,科學(xué)觀則從杭辛齋開始由不成熟逐漸發(fā)展到成熟。再次論述并分析了民國(guó)時(shí)期科學(xué)易對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)和后世的影響。與過往研究不同,本文對(duì)民國(guó)科學(xué)易的研究動(dòng)機(jī)雖抱以理解之同情,但依據(jù)實(shí)事求是的原則對(duì)科學(xué)易在民國(guó)時(shí)期的影響并不做過于樂觀的評(píng)價(jià)。在民國(guó),科學(xué)易沒有形成廣泛的影響,因此科學(xué)易的研究者并沒有使自然科學(xué)更接近公眾。且大眾對(duì)科學(xué)易毫無興趣,甚至大眾接觸易學(xué)比接觸自然科學(xué)還要困難。表面上看,科學(xué)易促進(jìn)了易學(xué)與時(shí)代的結(jié)合,但事實(shí)上并非如此。這點(diǎn)在第四章有詳細(xì)論述。杭辛齋等人對(duì)古代易學(xué)的批判僅限于對(duì)結(jié)果的批判。他們認(rèn)為是經(jīng)學(xué)家不能正確解讀易學(xué)導(dǎo)致了中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)落后且國(guó)家貧弱。他們并沒有對(duì)過往易學(xué)思想中不適于繼續(xù)變化的中國(guó)的內(nèi)容做出有效的批判。也就不足以推動(dòng)易學(xué)朝著被世人所需要的方向發(fā)展。最后,本文就民國(guó)科學(xué)易的形成、構(gòu)成和影響對(duì)科學(xué)與易學(xué)間的聯(lián)系做出反思,并嘗試提出一個(gè)需要進(jìn)行科學(xué)易研究的需求。
[Abstract]:Science Yi is a branch of Yi study, which includes the whole research methods and achievements of interdisciplinary and interdisciplinary research on science and technology and Yi study. Science Yi was born in the Republic of China and has been widely paid attention since the third Zhouyi fever in 1980's. There are many controversies about the evaluation of Yi-Xue researchers and science researchers. This paper first discusses and analyzes the formation mechanism of science change. In the period of the Republic of China, there was a demand for an idea that originated from China and could accommodate the changes brought about by natural science and technology. This is the demand of China due to the times. This demand makes the emergence of scientific ease inevitable. The study of the Book of changes runs longitudinally through Chinese history and influences all fields of ancient Chinese society. In the process of the formation and elucidation of the Yi study, the description of the empirical facts is accompanied by the description of the empirical facts. It can be concluded that the establishment of its contents does not depend on the empirical facts, which is a special property of the Yi study. This makes it possible to accommodate scientific theories never seen before. Under such conditions, Hang Xinzhai and other scholars adopted the methods of unidirectional transplantation and combination of two branches of science to restate the achievements of modern science in the language of change of study, which formed the scientific easiness in the period of the Republic of China. Secondly, it discusses and analyzes the composition of science change. In the period of the Republic of China, there were not many researchers, including Hang Xinzhai, Shen Zhongtao, Ding Chaowu, Xue Xueqian and Liu Zihua. Time runs through the beginning and end of the Republic of China. The content of the Yi thought is mainly inherited from the predecessors, and the view of science has gradually developed from immaturity to maturity from Hang Xinzhai. Once again, it discusses and analyzes the influence of scientific changes on the period of the Republic of China. Different from previous studies, although the research motivation of the Republic of China is sympathetic to understanding, but based on the principle of seeking truth from facts, the impact of scientific Yi in the Republic of China period is not too optimistic. In the Republic of China, science was not widely influenced, so its researchers did not bring the natural sciences any closer to the public. And the public has no interest in science, even though it is more difficult for the public to learn than to touch the natural sciences. On the face of it, science facilitates the combination of learning and the times, but in fact it is not. This is discussed in detail in Chapter 4. Hang Xinzhai's criticism of ancient Yi was limited to the result. They believe that the Chinese science and technology lag behind and the country is weak. They did not make effective criticism of the unsuitable Chinese content of the Yi thought in the past. It is not enough to promote the development of Yi learning in the direction that the world needs. Finally, this paper reflects on the formation, composition and influence of the change of science in the Republic of China, and tries to put forward a need for the study of the change of science.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B221

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