本文選題：馬遠(yuǎn)　切入點(diǎn)：《三教圖》　出處：《世界宗教研究》2017年01期

【摘要】：宋代馬遠(yuǎn)《三教圖》中儒佛道始祖孔子、釋迦牟尼和老子畫像,透視出人們對(duì)三教認(rèn)知在認(rèn)同基礎(chǔ)上的差異。此圖原解為佛坐、道立、儒作禮,顯示出揚(yáng)佛抑儒傾向。南宋理宗令儒臣江子遠(yuǎn)作解,則旋轉(zhuǎn)了三祖畫像的原解之意,儒居于上,并深得理宗贊賞。理宗對(duì)新儒學(xué)即理學(xué)思想崇敬有加,將其立為官學(xué),卻又與理學(xué)家朱熹等不同,對(duì)佛、道表現(xiàn)出更多尊崇,歷代少有。南宋后期,三教并尊成為時(shí)代特征,包括理學(xué)人物真德秀等。人們圍繞馬遠(yuǎn)《三教圖》的解讀,體現(xiàn)出那個(gè)時(shí)代的三教觀。后世對(duì)此圖的關(guān)注,對(duì)宋人作解的賞識(shí)以及一些新的解說,反映南宋以后儒學(xué)官學(xué)延續(xù)、三教并行的社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí),也是三教認(rèn)同思想的延伸。"心同"而"跡異",正是三教長(zhǎng)期共存、發(fā)展并產(chǎn)生重要影響的根本原因所在。
[Abstract]:The paintings of Confucius, Sakyamuni and Laozi, the ancestors of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in the Song Dynasty, reveal the differences in people's cognition of the three religions on the basis of identity.This picture is originally interpreted as Buddha sitting, Taoism, Confucianism as a ceremony, showing the Buddhist tendency to suppress Confucianism.In the Southern Song Dynasty, the Confucian emperor Jiang Ziyuan made the explanation, then he rotated the original meaning of the portrait of the three ancestors, and the Confucianism lived on the top, and was deeply appreciated by the Confucian sect.Lizong adored Neo-Confucianism, that is, Neo-Confucianism, as an official school, but different from Neo-Confucianism Zhu Xi, he showed more respect for Buddhism and Taoism, which were rare in the past dynasties.In the late Southern Song Dynasty, the three religions became the characteristics of the times, including the Neo-Confucianism figures such as Zhende Xiu.People around Ma Yuan's interpretation of the three religions reflected the three religions of that era.The attention of later generations to this picture, the appreciation of the interpretation of the Song people and some new explanations reflect the continuation of Confucianism and official studies after the Southern Song Dynasty, and the social reality of the coexistence of the three religions, which is also an extension of the three religions' identity thought. "The reason why the three religions coexist, develop and have important influence for a long time.
【作者單位】： 鄭州大學(xué)歷史學(xué)院;
【分類號(hào)】：B222;B948;B958
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本文編號(hào)：1716903