本文關(guān)鍵詞：弗洛姆信仰理論研究　出處：《浙江大學》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 弗洛姆 人的誕生 X體驗 信仰主體 信仰行為 信仰對象

【摘要】：對宗教、信仰的討論是弗洛姆整體思想中的重要有機組成部分,但無論國內(nèi)還是國外,有關(guān)這一主題的研究都存在較大局限。本文試圖在考察弗洛姆思想發(fā)展脈絡(luò)的基礎(chǔ)上,借鑒國內(nèi)信仰學的研究成果,運用"信仰主體——信仰行為——信仰客體"的動態(tài)邏輯框架系統(tǒng)重構(gòu)弗洛姆相關(guān)理論,并將其置于伴隨現(xiàn)代化進程而出現(xiàn)的"信仰危機"的歷史背景下,通過橫向與縱向比較發(fā)掘其理論之獨特性,旨在為研究弗洛姆思想提供新的視角,也為當下社會信仰困境提供一定的啟示。經(jīng)歷1926年放棄猶太教信仰與1937年揚棄正統(tǒng)弗洛伊德主義的兩次思想轉(zhuǎn)折后,弗洛姆形成無神論的"激進人道主義"思想,"人"成為弗洛姆研究宗教、信仰的邏輯起點和最終目的。"人的誕生"開始后,信仰主體作為一個處于自然、社會歷史與生存兩歧三個相互關(guān)聯(lián)的維度中的身心、知情合一的人,其獨特的多層次處境與生理-心理結(jié)構(gòu)、機制,使其產(chǎn)生了追求生存意義、指向"諧一"的"x體驗",它在無意識層面構(gòu)成了信仰的經(jīng)驗基礎(chǔ),其意識化與意識形態(tài)化都受到社會的制約,由于知性語言的社會過濾器作用和思慮作用,只有用普遍象征語言才能表達其豐富含義。信仰行為則是信仰主體對"x體驗"的反應(yīng),不但是一種相信、信服的思想狀態(tài),更是信仰主體在具體的社會歷史條件下全身心的、對自己生存答案的探索和踐行。"同化過程"與"社會化過程"中形成的社會性格是信仰行為的基礎(chǔ)。按照性格結(jié)構(gòu)中創(chuàng)發(fā)性取向的多少,弗洛姆將信仰行為分為理性與分理性兩種形式。弗洛姆將理性置于人格整體之中,剖析了理性、信仰、懷疑三者之間的辯證關(guān)系。理性信仰植根于人自己的體驗,對自己思考力、觀察力及判斷力的了解與信賴,與理性懷疑相關(guān)聯(lián),它不僅體現(xiàn)在思考和判斷領(lǐng)域,也體現(xiàn)在人的生活實踐中。它促使人們懷著希望,進行一種持續(xù)的、積極的自我創(chuàng)造,有利于"人的誕生"。而非理性信仰是對某個神、某個人、某種思想或某種象征的盲目迷信,并非出于人自己的思想或情感的體驗,而是以人對非理性權(quán)威的情感屈從和對現(xiàn)有意識形態(tài)的接納為基礎(chǔ)。如果社會宣揚的意識形態(tài)與社會性格之間具有差異,會造成人們思想與行為的分裂,形成"假信仰"現(xiàn)象。同時,弗洛姆還研究了自由意志與信仰選擇的問題,作為溫和決定論者,他為人們自由選擇信仰的可能性留出了余地,并探討了先知與禪師等理性權(quán)威的作用。信仰客體被弗洛姆視為" x體驗"在不同社會歷史文化結(jié)構(gòu)中的概念系統(tǒng)呈現(xiàn),按照"原始崇拜——母性人格神宗教——父性人格神宗教——理性一神論宗教——無神宗教——宗教消亡"的路線發(fā)展。在他看來,宗教演變是一個客觀過程,與生產(chǎn)力水平、生產(chǎn)關(guān)系、人自身的心理狀況、理性與情感能力等因素密切相關(guān),并且在不同的階段發(fā)揮著不同的歷史功能,但這種發(fā)展并非后者取代前者的線性更迭,而是一種以某種宗教形態(tài)為主、顯隱并存、進化和倒退交織并行的過程。根據(jù)社會條件所塑造的社會性格結(jié)構(gòu)所導致的不同存在體驗,弗洛姆將宗教分為權(quán)威主義和人道主義兩種類型;根據(jù)它們對"人的誕生"的作用,分為積極和消極的宗教,但這些分類只是對其特征的分類,而不是對現(xiàn)實存在的宗教的分類,任何現(xiàn)存成體系宗教中,積極和消極、權(quán)威主義與人道主義均混合出現(xiàn)。最后,在呈現(xiàn)弗洛姆信仰理論的完整面貌后,本文指出了它的貢獻與不足,并試圖對其作出客觀評價。
[Abstract]:On the religious belief, discussion is an important component part of Fromm's whole thought, but both at home and abroad, there are many limitations of the research on this topic. This article attempts to study Fromm thought development history, domestic Beliefology research results, using the "dynamic logic framework of system reconstruction of Fromm the theory of the main belief -- faith behavior -- the belief object", and the process of modernization and the emergence of "belief crisis" under the historical background, through horizontal and vertical comparison to explore its unique theory, in order to provide a new perspective for the study of Fromm thought, but also provide some enlightenment for the plight of social belief the experience of 1926. Give up the two turning point of thought of Judaism and orthodox doctrine of Freud 1937 sublation, Fromm formed atheism "radical humanitarianism" Fromm thought, "people" become the logical starting point of the study of religion, belief and ultimate purpose. "People born after the start, the main belief is in a natural, social history and the dichotomy of survival three interrelated dimensions in mind, emotion in one person, its unique multi-level situation and physiology the psychological structure, mechanism, the pursuit of survival significance, pointing to the" harmony "in the" x experience ", which constitutes the basis of religious experience at the unconscious level, the consciousness and ideology are restricted by the society, because of the social and intellectual language filter only with common thinking, symbolic language to express the rich meaning. Faith behavior is the main belief of" x experience "response, but not a compelling state of mind, I believe, is the main belief in the specific social and historical conditions of the heart, the answer to their survival Cable and practice. Formation of "assimilation" and "socialization" of the social character is the basis of faith behavior. According to the personality structure, a number of orientation, Fromm will act of faith divided into two forms of rationality and rationality. Fromm will be placed in the whole rational personality, analyzes the reason, faith, the dialectical relationship between doubt three. Rational belief is rooted in the people of their own experience, thinking, understanding and trust and observe the judgment, associated with reasonable doubt, it is not only reflected in the thinking and judgment, is also reflected in the practice in the lives of the people. It encourages people with hope, a persistent, positive self creation, is conducive to the "birth". And the irrational beliefs of a God, a person, a thought or a symbol of the blind superstition, not because of who your thoughts or feelings of the experience, but by the people of Non rational authority emotion submission and ideology based on the existing admission. If has the difference between ideology and social character of social publicity, will cause people to think and act split, forming "false belief" phenomenon. At the same time, Fromm also studied the free will and belief selection problem as a moderate determinism, he for the free choice to leave room for the possibility of faith, and discusses the prophet and Jackson etc. rational authority role. The object of faith by Fromm as "x experience" presents the concept system in the historical and cultural structure of different societies, in accordance with the "primitive worship maternal personality god religion -- father personality god religion -- Rational monotheistic religions no -- religion -- religious death" route. In his view, the religious evolution is an objective process, and the level of productivity, production relations, people's heart Physical condition, reason and emotion ability and other factors are closely related, and in different stages of history play different functions, but this development is not the latter to replace the linear change of the former, but a kind of religion in some form, explicit and implicit coexist, evolution and retrogression process. According to the different interleaving parallel existing social character shaped structure the social conditions caused by the experience, Fromm will be divided into religious authority and humanitarian two types; according to their effects on the "birth", divided into positive and negative religious, but these are only the classification of classification features, rather than on the real existence of religious classification, any existing a system of religious, positive and negative, authoritarianism and humanism are mixed. Finally, the complete appearance of the belief in Fromm theory, this paper points out its contributions and shortcomings, and try to It makes an objective evaluation.

【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：B712.59
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本文編號：1415652