本文關(guān)鍵詞： 漢語截省句 生成機(jī)制 疑問殘余 不對稱 孤島修復(fù)　出處：《湖南大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本論文主要研宄漢語語言中的一種省略形式-截省句。這種句式在表面形式上是一個疑問詞或疑問詞短語，但實(shí)質(zhì)上截省句的內(nèi)部句法結(jié)構(gòu)是一個完整的CP，其句子類型是一個疑問句。因此，截省句是一種語音形式不完備的省略句。 截省句一直以來都是語言研宄者們關(guān)注的一個課題，最早的研宄始于Ross(1969)。此后，截省句作為一種省略句式，引起了學(xué)者們的研宄興趣。截省句的研宄最早是以英語為研宄對象的，雖然自Chao (1987)以來，對漢語截省句的研宄開始增多，但總體上來說，研宄文獻(xiàn)還是比較少。 本文對漢語截省句進(jìn)行了深入研宄，主要提出并解決以下三個研宄問題：（1)漢語截省句是怎樣表達(dá)的？（2)漢語截省句中的疑問殘余是否存在不對稱現(xiàn)象？(3)漢語截省句是否同英語截省句一樣能夠修復(fù)孤島？ 第一個研宄問題涉及到漢語截省句的生成過程。目前，探討截省句大致有兩種方法：移位刪略法(PF Deletion)和非移位復(fù)制法(LF Copying)。本文認(rèn)為漢語雖然是疑問詞非移位語言，但也存在顯性移位，所以主張用移位刪略法來解釋漢語截省句，但與英語截省句不同的是，漢語截省句中疑問詞（短語）發(fā)生的移位是焦點(diǎn)驅(qū)動的移位，漢語截省句是由疑問詞焦點(diǎn)移位至[Spec, FP]后在語音層面刪除后面的IP所生成的。同時，作者還發(fā)現(xiàn)通過焦點(diǎn)移位說，漢語表面的多重疑問刪略句也可以得到合理解釋。 關(guān)于第二個研宄問題，筆者認(rèn)為漢語截省句中的疑問殘余存在不對稱現(xiàn)象：一方面，論元疑問詞和附加語疑問詞之間的不對稱；另一方面，附加語疑問詞“怎么樣”和其他附加語疑問詞之間的不對稱，具體表現(xiàn)在附加語疑問詞“怎么樣”不能像其他附加語疑問詞一樣在漢語截省句當(dāng)中出現(xiàn)。本文受Lin (1992)的啟發(fā)，認(rèn)為“怎么樣”不能出現(xiàn)在漢語截省句中，，而其他附加語疑問詞卻可以，是由于兩者的句法位置不同：“怎么樣”位于VP，所以它在PF層面被刪略，而其他附加語疑問詞位于IP。 第三個研宄問題涉及到漢語截省句的一個重要性質(zhì)，也是一直以來所有語言學(xué)者探討和難以解釋的語言現(xiàn)象-孤島修復(fù)效應(yīng)。本文通過研宄得出結(jié)論：漢語截省句同英語截省句一樣，也可以修復(fù)孤島。本文支持Liu (2006)的觀點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為歧義、近鄰原則及話語關(guān)聯(lián)在孤島修復(fù)問題上發(fā)揮著重要作用，并在此基礎(chǔ)上做出更全面的研宄。 最后，筆者對全文的研宄作了總結(jié)，總結(jié)了其成果和創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)，但同時也指出其局限性和有待解決的問題。 本文的分析可以加深我們對于漢語截省句的理解，同時，本研宄對于語言教學(xué)也可以起到一定的促進(jìn)作用。
[Abstract]:In this paper, we mainly study an elliptical form in the Chinese language, the truncated sentence, which is superficially a interrogative word or a interrogative phrase. However, in essence, the internal syntactic structure of the truncated sentence is a complete CP.The sentence type is a interrogative sentence. Therefore, the truncated sentence is an elliptical sentence with incomplete phonetic form. The truncation of provincial sentences has always been a topic of concern to linguists, the earliest study of which began with Rossin1969. since then, the truncation of provincial sentences has been used as an elliptical sentence. It has aroused the interest of scholars. The study of truncated provincial sentences is based on English at first. Although since Chao 1987, the study of Chinese truncated provincial sentences has begun to increase, but on the whole, the literature of studying provincial sentences is still relatively few. This paper makes a deep study of the Chinese truncated provincial sentence, and mainly puts forward and solves the following three research questions: 1) how to express the Chinese truncated provincial sentence? (2) is there any asymmetry in the residual doubt in Chinese truncated provincial sentences? Can Chinese truncate provincial sentences repair isolated islands as English? At present, there are two ways to study truncated sentences: shift, delete and delete (PF Deletion) and non-shift copying method. This paper holds that Chinese is a non-shift language of interrogative words. However, there is also explicit shift, so it is proposed to use shift deletion method to explain Chinese truncated provincial sentences. However, unlike English truncated provincial sentences, the shift of interrogative words (phrases) in Chinese truncated provincial sentences is a focus driven shift. The Chinese truncated provincial sentence is generated by removing the following IP from the phonetics level after the focus shift of the interrogative word to [Spec, FP]. At the same time, the author also finds that the Chinese surface multiple interrogative censored sentences can be reasonably explained by the focus shift theory. With regard to the second study, the author holds that there is asymmetry in the residual of interrogations in Chinese truncated provincial sentences: on the one hand, the asymmetry between meta interrogative words and additional interrogative words; on the other hand, The asymmetry between the additional interrogative word "how" and other additional interrogative words is manifested in the fact that the adjunctive interrogative word "how" can not appear in Chinese truncated provincial sentence just like other additional interrogative words. This article is inspired by Lin / 1992). It is believed that "how" can not appear in Chinese truncated provincial sentences, while other additional interrogative words can, because of their different syntactic positions, "how" is located in VPs, so it is deleted at PF level, while other additional interrogative words are located in IPs. The third study concerns an important property of Chinese truncated provincial sentences. This paper concludes that Chinese truncated provincial sentences can repair isolated islands as well as English truncated provincial sentences. This paper supports the viewpoint of Liu / 2006). It is considered that ambiguity, nearest neighbor principle and utterance relevance play an important role in the restoration of isolated islands, and a more comprehensive study is made on this basis. Finally, the author summarizes the research of this paper, summarizes its achievements and innovations, but also points out its limitations and problems to be solved. The analysis of this paper can deepen our understanding of Chinese truncated sentences, at the same time, this study can also play a role in promoting language teaching.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H146

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本文編號：1523224