本文選題：心理運(yùn)動(dòng)能力　切入點(diǎn)：儀器測(cè)試　出處：《第四軍醫(yī)大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：飛行員因其職業(yè)的特殊性，從而在選拔過(guò)程中對(duì)候選者有諸多要求，長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)的主要表現(xiàn)是嚴(yán)格的身體檢查。近年來(lái)，隨著飛機(jī)的智能化和自動(dòng)化，飛行員的體檢要求有所放寬；同時(shí)相關(guān)調(diào)查顯示當(dāng)前民航事故中有3/4和人為因素有關(guān)，人們對(duì)飛行員選拔的關(guān)注點(diǎn)開(kāi)始轉(zhuǎn)至心理方面。 對(duì)飛行員候選者進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的心理選拔，可以考察他們是否具有飛行員所需的各項(xiàng)心理特征，有助于將不適合飛行活動(dòng)的個(gè)體提前排除在行業(yè)之外，減少未來(lái)飛行事故發(fā)生的幾率，減少由于飛行員因不適合飛行活動(dòng)或高強(qiáng)度訓(xùn)練而被淘汰所造成的培訓(xùn)費(fèi)用浪費(fèi)。 目前，我國(guó)民航飛行員心理選拔工作主要是對(duì)候選者進(jìn)行人格和基本能力測(cè)試，大多數(shù)采用紙筆測(cè)驗(yàn)的形式，而對(duì)其飛行特殊能力的考察和檢測(cè)重視不夠。國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者認(rèn)為儀器檢測(cè)方法精度高，是公認(rèn)的準(zhǔn)確、可靠的測(cè)試手段，是未來(lái)飛行人員心理選拔的發(fā)展方向，可以對(duì)心理運(yùn)動(dòng)能力做出客觀評(píng)價(jià)。 本研究的目的是編制一套計(jì)算機(jī)化的心理運(yùn)動(dòng)能力測(cè)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)，且采用儀器檢測(cè)的方法，以實(shí)現(xiàn)心理選拔過(guò)程的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和客觀化。該系統(tǒng)共含有3個(gè)心理運(yùn)動(dòng)能力測(cè)試程序，包括單任務(wù)、雙任務(wù)和多任務(wù)3種檢測(cè)模式，單手操作和雙手操作兩種操作方式。 本研究分為兩大部分： 第一部分：心理運(yùn)動(dòng)能力檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)的編制。采用查閱文獻(xiàn)法、專(zhuān)家判斷法以及問(wèn)卷調(diào)查法，緊扣心理運(yùn)動(dòng)能力的操作定義，，編制相應(yīng)程序；并依據(jù)心理測(cè)量學(xué)的原理和實(shí)際要求，對(duì)程序的信效度進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)； 第二部分：使用心理運(yùn)動(dòng)能力檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)對(duì)不同人群進(jìn)行檢測(cè)，其中包括應(yīng)聘大學(xué)生、飛行學(xué)員和現(xiàn)役飛行員，驗(yàn)證測(cè)驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目的信效度和區(qū)分度，以確定此心理運(yùn)動(dòng)能力測(cè)驗(yàn)是否適合我國(guó)民航航空公司招飛工作的實(shí)際需求。 通過(guò)研究分析得出如下結(jié)論： （1）心理運(yùn)動(dòng)能力測(cè)驗(yàn)各項(xiàng)目的難度適宜，鑒別指數(shù)高； （2）心理運(yùn)動(dòng)能力測(cè)驗(yàn)各項(xiàng)目的信效度良好，可以應(yīng)用于飛行員心理選拔； （3）為了更加客觀全面的對(duì)每個(gè)應(yīng)聘者做出評(píng)估和判斷，提出了心理運(yùn)動(dòng)能力測(cè)驗(yàn)總分的計(jì)算公式。
[Abstract]:Because of the particularity of their profession, pilots have many requirements for candidates in the selection process. The main manifestation for a long time is strict physical examination. In recent years, with the intelligence and automation of aircraft, The requirements for pilots' physical examination have been relaxed, and related investigations show that 3/4 of the current civil aviation accidents are related to human factors, and people's focus on the selection of pilots has shifted to the psychological aspect. The corresponding psychological selection of pilot candidates can examine whether they have the psychological characteristics required by pilots and help them exclude individuals who are not suitable for flight activities from the industry ahead of time. Reduce the probability of future flight accidents and reduce the waste of training cost caused by pilots being eliminated because they are not suitable for flight activities or high intensity training. At present, the psychological selection of civil aviation pilots in China is mainly to test the candidates' personality and basic abilities, most of which are in the form of paper and pen tests. However, insufficient attention has been paid to the inspection and detection of its special flight capability. Domestic and foreign scholars believe that the instrument detection method is highly accurate, is recognized as an accurate and reliable means of testing, and is the developing direction of psychological selection of pilots in the future. Can make the objective appraisal to the psychology movement ability. The purpose of this study is to compile a computerized psychomotor ability test system, and to realize the standardization and objectivity of the psychological selection process by means of instrument testing. The system consists of three psychomotor ability testing programs. Including single task, double task and multi-task detection mode, one-handed operation and two-handed operation mode. This study is divided into two parts:. The first part: the establishment of the psychomotor ability testing system. By consulting literature, expert judgment and questionnaire survey, the operating definition of psychological motor ability is closely followed, and the corresponding program is compiled. The reliability and validity of the program were tested according to the principles and practical requirements of psychometrics. The second part: using the psychomotor ability test system to test different groups of people, including college students, flight cadets and active pilots, to verify the reliability, validity and distinction of the test items. In order to determine whether this psychomotor ability test is suitable for the actual needs of civil aviation companies in our country. The conclusions are as follows:. 1) the difficulty of each item of psychomotor ability test is suitable and the discrimination index is high; 2) the reliability and validity of the psychomotor ability test are good, which can be applied to the psychological selection of pilots; 3) in order to evaluate and judge each candidate objectively and comprehensively, a formula for calculating the total score of psychomotor ability test is put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：第四軍醫(yī)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R851.3;B848

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