【摘要】：研究背景和目的 研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在同類型運動項目中，相同運動訓(xùn)練水平的運動員中，女性下肢膝、踝關(guān)節(jié)的損傷率是男性的2-8倍，而神經(jīng)肌肉控制能力下降與運動損傷密切相關(guān)。神經(jīng)肌肉控制涉及本體感覺、中樞和神經(jīng)肌肉的功能等因素。其中,本體感覺和神經(jīng)肌肉控制對于維持身體的姿勢及關(guān)節(jié)的穩(wěn)定性起著極為重要的作用，并和運動損傷的發(fā)生緊密相關(guān)�；谀信畵p傷率的差異，研究男女在神經(jīng)肌肉控制上的差異已受到國際運動生物力學(xué)和運動醫(yī)學(xué)研究者的日益關(guān)注。迄今為止,有關(guān)本體感覺和神經(jīng)肌肉控制的性別差異的研究仍很欠缺。所以，我們有必要對本體感覺和和神經(jīng)肌肉控制的性別差異進行研究。因此，本研究的目的是研究下肢本體感覺和神經(jīng)肌肉控制是否存在性別差異，并結(jié)合女性月經(jīng)周期變化的研究，探討性別之間可能存在差異的原因。同時，通過對女性月經(jīng)周期不同階段本體感覺和神經(jīng)肌肉控制的比較，探討本體感覺和神經(jīng)肌肉控制隨月經(jīng)周期變化的規(guī)律。這項研究的結(jié)果將會幫助我們了解本體感覺和神經(jīng)肌肉控制的性別差異，增強我們對運動損傷的性別差異機制的認識，從而使我們能夠更好地預(yù)防和治療運動損傷。 研究方法 男、女各12名無規(guī)律運動鍛煉習(xí)慣的健康青年大學(xué)生自愿參與本研究。追蹤女性受試者3個月基礎(chǔ)體溫，結(jié)合排卵試紙的使用，對女性受試者排卵期進行粗篩，采集受試者血液，根據(jù)雌激素和孕激素水平的變化劃分月經(jīng)周期的各個時期。性別差異比較部分：分別記錄男子組和女子組（月經(jīng)周期的不同階段）的下列測量指標(biāo)，，并進行比較。測試指標(biāo)包括：1）形態(tài)學(xué)測量：身高、體重、體重身高指數(shù)（Body mass index, BMI）；2）下肢膝、踝關(guān)節(jié)本體感覺測試（參數(shù)：優(yōu)勢側(cè)膝、踝關(guān)節(jié)被動運動閾值,即膝、踝關(guān)節(jié)可感知的最小運動角度及方向）；3）下肢神經(jīng)肌肉協(xié)調(diào)性測試（參數(shù)：由方躍測試決定的單位時間內(nèi)單腿跳進方框時的次數(shù)）；4）下肢神經(jīng)肌肉反應(yīng)時測試（參數(shù)：優(yōu)勢側(cè)脛骨前肌、腓腸肌、股直肌、半腱肌和臀大肌神經(jīng)肌肉反應(yīng)時間）；5）下肢膝踝關(guān)節(jié)肌肉力量測試（參數(shù)：膝，踝關(guān)節(jié)屈、伸肌肉力量力矩峰值）。應(yīng)用獨立樣本t檢驗決定男女組間上述測試指標(biāo)是否存在顯著性差異。重復(fù)性方差測量用于檢驗女子組在月經(jīng)周期不同階段中上述測試指標(biāo)是否存在顯著性差異，顯著性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為P0.05。 研究結(jié)果 （1）性別差異部分——男子組與女子組處于月經(jīng)周期不同階段本體感覺及神經(jīng)肌肉功能的比較： 1)膝、踝關(guān)節(jié)本體感覺研究：在女子組卵泡期，在膝、踝關(guān)節(jié)本體感覺的比較上，男子組與女子組之間沒有表現(xiàn)出顯著性差異；在女子組排卵期，女子組膝關(guān)節(jié)和踝關(guān)節(jié)本體感覺均較男子組靈敏，且具有顯著性差異（P0.05，其中踝關(guān)節(jié)背屈P0.01）；黃體期女子組膝關(guān)節(jié)和踝關(guān)節(jié)本體感覺均較男子組靈敏，且具有顯著性差異（P0.05），其中膝關(guān)節(jié)伸、踝關(guān)節(jié)跖屈和背屈差異尤為顯著（P0.01）。 2)下肢神經(jīng)肌肉協(xié)調(diào)性研究：在女子組卵泡期方躍測試比較中，男子組與女子組之間沒有表現(xiàn)出顯著性差異；排卵期女子組完成方躍測試的數(shù)值顯著大于男子組(P0.01)；女子組在黃體期完成方躍測試的數(shù)值顯著大于男子組(P0.01)。 3)下肢神經(jīng)肌肉反應(yīng)時間研究：在女子組卵泡期，突發(fā)向前干擾時，男子組所有被測試的下肢肌肉的神經(jīng)肌肉反應(yīng)時間顯著短于女子組（P0.05），突發(fā)向后干擾時，男子組所有測試下肢的肌肉神經(jīng)肌肉反應(yīng)時間顯著短于女子組（P0.05）；排卵期，突發(fā)向前干擾時，男子組脛骨前肌，股直肌，半腱肌神經(jīng)肌肉反應(yīng)時間短于女子組，且具有顯著性（P0.05）；突發(fā)向后干擾時，男子組股直肌和臀大肌神經(jīng)肌肉反應(yīng)時間均短于女子組，且具有顯著性（P0.05）；黃體期，突發(fā)向前干擾時，男子組脛骨前肌神經(jīng)肌肉反應(yīng)時間顯著短于女子組（P0.05）；突發(fā)向后干擾時，男子組腓腸肌、股直肌、半腱肌和臀大肌神經(jīng)肌肉反應(yīng)時間均顯著短于女子組（P0.05）。 4)膝、踝關(guān)節(jié)肌肉力量研究：男子組膝，踝關(guān)節(jié)各角度等動肌力相對峰力矩均大于女子組在各月經(jīng)周期的測試值，且差異尤為明顯(P0.01)。 （2）女子組內(nèi)比較 1）膝、踝關(guān)節(jié)本體感覺研究：與月經(jīng)周期其他階段比較，女子組黃體期在膝、踝關(guān)節(jié)除屈膝外的各個方向上有著更好的本體感覺，且具有顯著性（P0.05）。同時，在其排卵期，在踝關(guān)節(jié)背屈方向上，其感覺的角度明顯小于卵泡期（P0.05）。 2）下肢神經(jīng)肌肉協(xié)調(diào)性研究：黃體期方躍測試的次數(shù)顯著大于卵泡期和排卵期（P0.05）。 3）下肢神經(jīng)肌肉反應(yīng)時研究：突發(fā)向前干擾和向后干擾時，下肢所有被測肌肉的神經(jīng)肌肉反應(yīng)時間在女性月經(jīng)周期各個階段之間均沒表現(xiàn)出顯著性差異。 4）膝、踝關(guān)節(jié)肌肉力量研究：在膝關(guān)節(jié)180°屈時女子組黃體期的等動肌力相對峰力矩顯著大于其他兩個階段（P0.05），卵泡期踝關(guān)節(jié)120°伸等動肌力相對峰力矩顯著大于排卵期（P0.05）。 研究結(jié)論 1）在男子組與女子組處于月經(jīng)周期不同階段的比較中，女性處于卵泡期本體感覺和神經(jīng)肌肉協(xié)調(diào)性的比較，男女之間沒有表現(xiàn)出顯著的性別差異；在與女性排卵期和黃體期進行比較時，男子組的本體感覺和神經(jīng)肌肉協(xié)調(diào)性較差；在與女性月經(jīng)周期各個階段的神經(jīng)肌肉反應(yīng)時間比較時，男子組的時間均短于女子組，并且膝、踝關(guān)節(jié)肌肉力量測試結(jié)果顯著大于女子組。上述結(jié)果說明本體感覺和神經(jīng)肌肉控制功能存在性別差異，并且女性的本體感覺和神經(jīng)肌肉控制功能受月經(jīng)周期的影響。 2）女子組內(nèi)月經(jīng)周期不同階段中，各項測試結(jié)果表明黃體期本體感覺和神經(jīng)肌肉協(xié)調(diào)性功能較其他兩個階段存在顯著優(yōu)勢，進而說明黃體期女性會有較好的姿勢控制能力。
[Abstract]:Study Background and Purpose The study found that in the same type of exercise program, the injury rate of the lower limb and the ankle of the female was 2-8 times of that of the male, while the decrease of the control of the neuromuscular control was closely related to the sports injury. Off. Neuromuscular control involves proprioception, central and neuromuscular functions, etc. in which, proprioceptive and neuromuscular control plays a very important role in maintaining the posture of the body and the stability of the joint, and is in close contact with the occurrence of motion damage On the basis of the difference of the male and female injury rate, the difference of the male and female on the control of the neuromuscular control has been increasingly close by the international sports biomechanics and the motion medical researchers. Note. To date, studies on gender differences in proprioception and neuromuscular control are still under way Therefore, it is necessary to study the gender differences in the sense of the proprioception and the control of the nerve muscle. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to study whether there is a gender difference in the sensory and neuromuscular control of the lower limbs, and to study the differences between the sexes in the study of the change in the menstrual cycle of the female. In that meantime, the sense of proprioception and the regulation of the neuromuscular control over the menstrual cycle are discussed by the comparison of proprioceptive and neuromuscular control at different stages of the menstrual cycle of the female. The results of this study will help us to understand the gender differences in the sense of the body and the control of the neuromuscular control, and to enhance our understanding of the mechanism of gender differences in sports, so that we can better prevent and treat sports losses. I'm sorry. The study method of 12 healthy young college students who have no regular exercise habits Participation in this study. Follow the use of 3-month basal body temperature of female subjects, combined with the use of ovulatory test strips, conduct a coarse screen for female subjects, collect the subject's blood, and divide the menstrual cycle according to the changes in the levels of estrogen and progestin the sex difference comparison part: respectively record the following measurement indexes of the male sub-group and the female sub-group (different stages of the menstrual cycle), and compared. The test index includes:1) morphological measurement: height, body weight, body mass index (BMI);2) the sensory test of the lower limb knee and the ankle joint body (parameters: the dominant side knee and the ankle joint passive motion threshold, that is, the minimum movement angle that the knee and the ankle can perceive and direction);3) Neuromuscular coordination test of lower limbs (parameters: the number of times when the single-leg jumps into the box by the unit time determined by the square-jump test);4) the test of the lower limb nerve-muscle response (parameters: the superior side of the anterior tibial muscle, the gastrocnemius, Muscle, quadriceps, semitendinosus, and gluteus maximus nerve muscle response time);5) Knee and ankle joint muscle strength test (parameters: knee, ankle flexion, extensor muscle strength Torque peak). Use the independent sample t test to determine the presence of the above test indicators between the male and female groups The repeatability variance measurement is used to test whether there is a significant difference in the test indexes of the female subgroup in different stages of the menstrual cycle, and the significance standard is P0.0 5. The results of the study (1) The gender-difference part _ male subgroup and the female sub-group are at different stages of the menstrual cycle. The comparison of the function of the neuromuscular:1) the feeling of the body of the knee and the ankle: in the follicular phase of the female subgroup, in the knee, There was no significant difference between the male sub-group and the female subgroup on the comparison of the body sensation of the ankle joint. Ankle dorsiflexion of the ankle (P 0.01); the sensation of the knee joint and the body of the ankle joint was more sensitive than that of the male group, and there was a significant difference (P0.05), in which the difference between the knee extension, the flexion of the ankle joint and the dorsiflexion of the ankle joint Especially significant (P0.01).2) Study on the coordination of lower limb neuromuscular coordination: There was no significant difference between the male and the female sub-groups in the comparison of the follicular phase of the female group, and the number of the female sub-groups in the ovulatory period completed the square jump test. It is more than that of the male sub-group (P0.01), and the numerical value of the female sub-group in the completion of the square-jump test in the time period is significant. The study of the reaction time of the lower limb of the lower limb of the lower limb of the lower limb of the lower limb was higher than that of the male sub-group (P0.01). The reaction time of all the tested lower limbs of the male subgroup was significantly shorter than that of the female subgroup during the follicular phase of the female subgroup and the sudden forward disturbance. (P0.05). The reaction time of the muscle of all the test lower limbs of the male subgroup was significantly shorter than that of the female subgroup (P0.05). (P0.05). The reaction time of the anterior and gluteal muscle of the male sub-group was shorter than that of the female subgroup at the time of burst-to-back interference (P <0.05). The reaction time of the anterior and posterior muscle of the male subgroup was significantly shorter than that of the female subgroup (P0.05). ; after burst-to-back interference, the reaction time of the gastrocnemius of the male subgroup, the rectus femoris, the semitendinosus and the gluteal muscle of the gluteal muscle It is significantly shorter than that of the female subgroup (P0.05).4) The muscle strength of the knee and the ankle joint is studied: the relative peak moment of each angle of the male subgroup and the ankle joint is greater than that of the female subgroup during the menstrual cycle The test value, and the difference is especially clear (P 0.01). (2) The feeling of the knee and ankle in the women's sub-group: compared with the other stages of the menstrual cycle, the female sub-group is in the knee and the ankle joint in all directions except the knee. better proprioception and significant (P0.05). At the same time, in the ovulatory phase, in the back-flexion of the ankle joint, The sensory angle of the lower limb is obviously lower than that of the follicular phase (P0.05).2) Research on the coordination of the lower limbs' nerves and muscles: the transition period The number of the tests was significantly greater than that of the follicular phase and the ovulation period (P0.05).3) The neuromuscular response of all the tested muscles of the lower limb was studied at the time of a sudden forward disturbance and a backward disturbance. There was no significant difference in the time between the various stages of the female's menstrual cycle.4) The muscle strength of the knee and the ankle joint: the relative peak moment of the isokinetic muscle strength of the female subgroup was significantly higher than that of the other two stages (P0.05) at the time of 180 擄 flexion of the knee joint, and the ankle joint of the follicular phase 1 20 擄 extension The relative peak moment of isokinetic muscle strength was significantly higher than that in the ovulatory period (P0.05). (1) In the comparison of the different stages of the menstrual cycle between the male and female sub-groups, the female was in the body sensation of the follicular phase and the coordination of the neuromuscular coordination, and the male and female There was no significant gender difference between the male and female sub-groups when compared to the female ovulation and the luteal phase; the male sub-group, when compared with the neuromuscular reaction times in the various stages of the female menstrual cycle, The results show that the proprioceptive and neuromuscular control functions exist. sex differences, and the proprioceptive and neuromuscular control functions of women are affected by the menstrual cycle. In the different stages of the menstrual cycle in the women's sub-group, the test results show that the sensory and neuromuscular coordination function of the body is less
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：G804.2

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