本文選題：軍事人員 + 恐高反應(yīng)　； 參考：《第四軍醫(yī)大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：恐高反應(yīng)不同程度的存在于每個人身上，嚴重者對高處環(huán)境有著極其不合理的恐懼和擔心，在臨床上通常被診斷為恐高癥�？指甙Y具有很強的隱匿性，社會關(guān)注度不高。空降跳傘是一項公認的高應(yīng)激、高致傷率的軍事訓(xùn)練科目，訓(xùn)練時人體不可避免的長期暴露于高處環(huán)境，恐高反應(yīng)嚴重的新兵較之其他新兵必然會出現(xiàn)更加強烈的心理應(yīng)激。也許正是因為這一群體的隱性存在，使得跳傘傷的發(fā)生率很難得到根本性控制。本研究通過調(diào)查，試圖發(fā)現(xiàn)恐高反應(yīng)新兵的人口學(xué)特征、高處情境暴露下的認知特點和行為表現(xiàn)，以及這一群體在應(yīng)激狀態(tài)下的心理特征；探討恐高癥的發(fā)病特點及影響因素，分析恐高反應(yīng)與跳傘應(yīng)激的關(guān)系，進而對空降兵心理選拔及訓(xùn)練防護提出指導(dǎo)性建議。 實驗的被試都是經(jīng)過嚴格篩選后入組。在跳傘訓(xùn)練開始前，從空降兵某部2010年12月入伍的1000余名新兵中經(jīng)過初步自評篩選和暴露實驗篩選，將43名恐高反應(yīng)較重的新兵納入實驗組，46名幾乎沒有恐高反應(yīng)的新兵納入對照組。實驗前先對一般情況、恐高反應(yīng)程度進行問卷調(diào)查，然后對兩組新兵進行不同高處情境下的暴露實驗，記錄脈搏、收縮壓等生理指標和若干認知行為評定指標，最后在訓(xùn)練中期使用不同量表對應(yīng)激狀態(tài)下的心理特征進行調(diào)查。 主要研究結(jié)果： 1.實驗組新兵在整個新兵群體中約占4%，72.1%來自于農(nóng)村，93%的家庭月收入低于5000元；人口學(xué)因素均衡性比較，實驗組與對照組僅在家族疾病史和個人摔傷史上存在顯著性差異（P＜0.05）； 2.實驗組對高處情境表現(xiàn)出強烈的焦慮情緒和回避行為，與對照組有顯著差異（t=24.05，22.75；P＜0.001），不同高處情境下的脈搏和收縮壓也高于對照組（P＜0.05）；認知上，實驗組較之對照組表現(xiàn)出低信心、高緊張的認知特點，對訓(xùn)練傷的擔心程度較高，認為訓(xùn)練傷與自身緊張情緒關(guān)系密切，對垂直距離的判斷明顯高于對照組，差異具有顯著性（P＜0.001）；行為上，實驗組在高處情境下表現(xiàn)為退縮回避，動作容易變形，姿勢難以保持，甚至發(fā)生訓(xùn)練傷； 3.16PF各因子中，實驗組新兵持強性、興奮性、敢為性、幻想性及內(nèi)外向性低于對照組（t=-2.536，-2.277，-2.452，-2.313，-3.446；P=0.013，0.025，0.016，0.024，0.001），而有恒性、懷疑性、世故性、憂慮性、實驗性、獨立性、自律性以及適應(yīng)與焦慮性高于對照組（t=3.125，2.524，，4.797，5.191，3.555，6.375，3.378，2.298；P=0.002，0.013，0.000，0.000，0.001，0.000，0.001，0.024）； 4.實驗組新兵的心理應(yīng)激程度高于對照組，軀體化、人際關(guān)系、抑郁、焦慮、恐怖、偏執(zhí)等SCL-90因子得分明顯偏高（P＜0.05），自我和諧程度也比對照組低（總分比較上，t=2.493，P=0.015）；訓(xùn)練中，實驗組狀態(tài)焦慮明顯高于對照組（t=3.458，P=0.001），其特質(zhì)焦慮與對照組相比也有顯著差異（t=6.550，P＜0.001）；實驗組新兵更多的采取退避的應(yīng)付方式，兩組新兵在成熟型和中間型防御方式上無明顯差異，但在不成熟防御方式上差異顯著（t=2.55，P=0.013）； 5.恐高反應(yīng)評定量表中的高處情境焦慮和回避因子與軀體化、人際關(guān)系、抑郁、焦慮、恐怖、偏執(zhí)、自我不和諧性以及狀態(tài)-特質(zhì)焦慮存在顯著相關(guān)（P＜0.01）。 主要研究結(jié)論： 1.人口學(xué)特征提示，恐高癥的發(fā)病可能具有農(nóng)村高于城市、集中在低收入人群等特點，影響因素有家族疾病史和個人摔傷史； 2.恐高反應(yīng)較重的新兵在高處情境下產(chǎn)生認知偏差、自我評價不高、行為退縮回避、明顯生理應(yīng)激等變化；人格上表現(xiàn)為信心不足、過分謹慎、善于內(nèi)省、敏感憂慮及不太適應(yīng)環(huán)境改變等，這些特點有可能是恐高癥患病的人格基礎(chǔ)； 3.恐高反應(yīng)評定量表經(jīng)完善后可以試用于空降兵心理選拔；恐高反應(yīng)較重的新兵承受著劇烈的心理應(yīng)激，很難適應(yīng)部隊跳傘訓(xùn)練，因此需要制定合理的、有針對性的訓(xùn)練方案并且需要采取相應(yīng)的措施進行心理防護。
[Abstract]:The fear of high reaction exists on each person in varying degrees. The serious people have extremely irrational fears and fears about the high environment. They are usually diagnosed as fear of heights in the clinical. The threat of heights is very concealed and the social concern is not high. Parachute parachute is a recognized military training subject with high stress and high injury rate. The body is inevitably exposed to the high environment for a long time, and the highly reactive recruits are bound to have more intense psychological stress than other recruits. Perhaps it is because of the recessive existence of this group that the incidence of parachute injuries is difficult to be fundamentally controlled. Characteristics, cognitive characteristics and behavioral manifestations exposed to high situation, as well as the psychological characteristics of this group under stress state, explore the characteristics and influencing factors of the atrocity, analyze the relationship between the fear of high response and parachute stress, and then give some guidance for the psychological selection and training protection of the airborne soldiers.
Before the parachute training began, before the beginning of the parachute training, 1000 recruits from the parachute department, who had been recruited from the army in December 2010, had been screened by the preliminary self-evaluation screening and exposure test, and 43 recruits with higher reactivity were included in the experimental group, and 46 recruits with almost no fear of high reaction were included in the control group. In general, the degree of high response was investigated by questionnaire, and then the two groups of recruits were exposed to different levels of exposure, and the physiological indexes such as pulse, systolic pressure and some cognitive behavior evaluation indexes were recorded. Finally, the psychological characteristics of stress state were investigated using different scales in the middle period of training.
The main research results are as follows:
1. of the new recruits in the experimental group accounted for about 4% of the whole new recruits, 72.1% from the countryside and 93% of the family monthly income of less than 5000 yuan. The comparison of demographic factors in the experimental group and the control group was significantly different in the history of family disease and the history of individual injuries (P < 0.05).
2. the experimental group showed strong anxiety and avoidance behavior in the high situation, and there was significant difference from the control group (t=24.05,22.75; P < 0.001). The pulse and systolic pressure in different high situations were also higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). In cognition, the experimental group showed low confidence, high tension cognitive characteristics and fear of training injury. In a higher degree, the training injuries were closely related to their own tension, and the judgment of the vertical distance was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.001); in the behavior, the experimental group showed withdrawal avoidance, the movement was easy to be deformed, the posture was difficult to maintain, and even the training injury occurred.
Among the factors of 3.16PF, the strength, excitement, dares, dares, fantasies and introversion of the experimental group were lower than the control group (t=-2.536, -2.277, -2.452, -2.313, -3.446; P=0.013,0.025,0.016,0.024,0.001), and there were constancy, suspicion, sophistication, anxiety, experimentation, independence, self-discipline, and adaptation and anxiety higher than the control group (t=3.125,2.5) 24,4.797,5.191,3.555,6.375,3.378,2.298; P=0.002,0.013,0.000,0.000,0.001,0.000,0.001,0.024);
4. the psychological stress degree of the recruits in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. The scores of SCL-90 factors, such as somatization, interpersonal relationship, depression, anxiety, terror and paranoia, were significantly higher (P < 0.05), and the degree of self harmony was also lower than that of the control group (t=2.493, P=0.015). The state anxiety of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (t=3.458, P=0.001), and its characteristics were significantly higher than that of the control group (t=3.458, P=0.001). There were significant differences in anxiety compared with those in the control group (t=6.550, P < 0.001); the new recruits in the experimental group did not have a significant difference between the mature and intermediate defense styles in the two groups, but there were significant differences in the immature defense mode (t=2.55, P=0.013).
The high situational anxiety and avoidance factors in the 5. high response rating scale were significantly correlated with somatization, interpersonal relationship, depression, anxiety, terror, paranoia, self disharmony and state trait anxiety (P < 0.01).
The main conclusions are as follows:
1. demographic characteristics suggest that the incidence of heights may be higher in rural areas than in cities, concentrated in low income groups, such as the history of family disease and the history of personal injuries.
2. the highly reactive recruits have cognitive bias in high situation, low self evaluation, withdrawal avoidance, obvious physiological stress and so on. The personality shows lack of confidence, excessively prudent, good at introspection, sensitive anxiety and not adapting to the change of the environment. These characteristics may be the personality basis of the disease.
The 3. high response assessment scale can be tried in the psychological selection of the airborne soldiers. The heavily threatening recruits are suffering from severe psychological stress and are difficult to adapt to the parachute training. Therefore, a reasonable, targeted training scheme and corresponding measures need to be taken to protect the psychological protection.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：第四軍醫(yī)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R85

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