【摘要】：大麥(Hordeum vulgare L.)為禾本科一年生草本植物大麥的果實(shí)，麥芽為發(fā)芽的大麥穎果經(jīng)干燥而成，是一種藥食同源性傳統(tǒng)中草藥�，F(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)研究表明，大麥芽具有降血糖、降血脂、抗氧化等作用。 本文以大麥芽為研究材料，對(duì)其活性多糖進(jìn)行如下研究： 1.以四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠為模型，考察大麥芽中水提取物、30%乙醇提取物、70%乙醇提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物的降血糖活性，得出大麥芽水提取物可以顯著降低小鼠空腹血糖。對(duì)水提取物進(jìn)一步分離及活性檢測(cè)，得出大麥芽中可顯著降低小鼠空腹血糖的主要成分為粗多糖。 2.以水為提取溶劑，以粗多糖得率為研究指標(biāo)，研究了大麥芽粗多糖的水提工藝，通過單因素實(shí)驗(yàn)得出水提工藝的最佳條件為：提取溫度40℃，提取時(shí)間3h，提取次數(shù)3次，液固比8:1，在此條件下，大麥芽粗多糖的得率為8.90‰。 3.大麥芽粗多糖經(jīng)DEAE-cellulose、HW-55F、Sephacryl S-400柱層析純化，分離得到兩種大麥芽多糖BP I和BP II。通過Sephadex G-100凝膠柱和高效凝膠滲透色譜法鑒定多糖BP I和BP II均為單一組分。 BP I為白色粉末，無甜味，無揮發(fā)性，易溶于水，難溶于乙醇、乙醚和丙酮，與苯酚－硫酸試劑反應(yīng)呈陽性，與碘-碘化鉀作用和考馬斯亮藍(lán)反應(yīng)均呈陰性。 BP II為略帶棕色的白色粉末，，無甜味，無揮發(fā)性，易溶于水，難溶于乙醇、乙醚和丙酮，與苯酚－硫酸試劑反應(yīng)呈陽性，與碘-碘化鉀作用和考馬斯亮藍(lán)反應(yīng)均呈陰性。 4.高效凝膠滲透色譜測(cè)定多糖BP I和BP II的平均分子量，分別約為1.33×10~4和1.04×10~4；氣相色譜分析表明多糖BP I和BP II均為均一多糖；BP I單糖與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)單糖的保留時(shí)間皆不一致，BP II的單糖組成只含有半乳糖。采用~1H-NMR、~(13)C-NMR、~(135)DEPT-NMR譜圖分析，明確其糖基種類、連接方式以及其他結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)。 BP I由呋喃葡萄糖組成，呋喃葡萄糖分子以1→3鍵相連，α和β構(gòu)型交替出現(xiàn)，無側(cè)鏈。 BP II為半乳糖分子以1→4鍵相連形成主鏈，另有一個(gè)半乳糖分子連在主鏈糖分子的C-6位上，形成側(cè)鏈。
[Abstract]:Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) It is the fruit of barley, an annual herbaceous plant of Gramineae, and the malt is a kind of traditional Chinese herbal medicine with homology of medicine and food, which is formed by drying the germinated caryopsis of barley. Modern medical research shows that barley bud can reduce blood glucose, blood lipid, antioxidant and so on. In this paper, the active polysaccharides of barley malt were studied as follows: 1. The hypoglycemic activities of water extract, 30% ethanol extract, 70% ethanol extract and ethyl acetate extract in barley malt were investigated in alloxan diabetic mice. The results showed that barley bud water extract could significantly reduce fasting blood glucose in mice. After further isolation and activity detection of water extract, it was concluded that crude polysaccharide was the main component of barley malt that could significantly reduce fasting blood glucose in mice. two銆

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