【摘要】：目的了解重慶市中小學(xué)生及其家長對學(xué)生防曬的認知、態(tài)度、行為現(xiàn)況及影響因素等，為中小學(xué)生防曬提供理論依據(jù)。 方法本研究應(yīng)用定性研究與定量研究相結(jié)合的方法。定性研究：采取非概率抽樣方法中的目的抽樣，遵循“信息飽和”原則，對15名中小學(xué)生進行了個人深入訪談；對9名老師或校醫(yī)，4名學(xué)生家長，3名銷售人員和2名醫(yī)務(wù)人員進行了關(guān)鍵人物訪談，并在初中生和高中生開展了4組22人的專題小組討論，應(yīng)用主題框架分析法進行歸納分析。 定量研究：采用分層整群隨機抽樣，隨機抽取重慶市城、鄉(xiāng)小學(xué)、初中、高中各1所共6所學(xué)校，以班級為單位從小學(xué)4年級到高中3年級進行抽樣，共調(diào)查2201名學(xué)生。遵循一對一的原則，所有被調(diào)查學(xué)生的家長都需填寫問卷，同時，小學(xué)1到3年級的學(xué)生雖未調(diào)查，但其家長仍需填寫問卷，共調(diào)查2368名家長。采用自行編制的“重慶市青少年學(xué)生防曬認知與行為調(diào)查問卷（包括學(xué)生卷和家長卷）”和Fitzpatrick-Pathak皮膚分型測試量表進行問卷調(diào)查。采用SPSS17.0軟件進行統(tǒng)計分析。 結(jié)果定性研究結(jié)果：中小學(xué)生尤其是小學(xué)生對紫外線以及過度日曬的危害了解太少。訪談發(fā)現(xiàn)關(guān)于防曬措施的選擇，女生使用遮陽傘、涂抹防曬霜和戴帽子的較多；而男生少數(shù)使用戴帽子和太陽鏡，男生在天氣非常熱時外出活動且不采取任何防曬措施的較多。訪談發(fā)現(xiàn)中小學(xué)生的防曬知識主要來源于電視廣告和周圍同學(xué)。家長對孩子的防曬關(guān)注主要是母親，父親一般不關(guān)注。銷售人員和醫(yī)務(wù)人員對中小學(xué)生的防曬持積極的態(tài)度。學(xué)校對學(xué)生防曬的看法重點在于防止夏季高溫中暑。定量研究結(jié)果：中小學(xué)生的防曬知識、態(tài)度和行為平均得分分別是：8.21±2.14，6.76±2.91，2.94±1.76。女生的防曬知識、態(tài)度和行為題得分（8.212.07，7.142.83，3.341.70）均比男生（7.982.22，6.192.95，2.351.68）高，差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P0.05）。城市學(xué)生防曬知識得分（8.272.12）比鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)學(xué)生（7.952.14）高，差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P0.05）。女生曬傷率（61.6%）比男生（56.4%）高（P0.05）；城市學(xué)生的曬傷率（55.4%）比鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)學(xué)生（51.3%）高（P0.05）；高中生的曬傷率（68.0%）高于初中生（56.0%）和小學(xué)生（55.5%），差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P0.05）。母親的防曬知識、態(tài)度、行為得分（8.112.04，8.462.97，3.651.95）均高于父親（7.812.13，7.112.80，3.132.02），差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P0.05）。城市家長的防曬知識和態(tài)度得分（8.172.12，8.353.11）均高于鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)學(xué)校家長（7.812.02，7.522.76），差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P0.05）。 母親對子女的防曬態(tài)度的得分（7.183.05）高于父親（6.642.84），差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P0.05）。高中生家長對子女防曬的態(tài)度得分（7.413.45）高于小學(xué)家長（7.032.65）和初中家長（6.603.00），差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P0.05）。不同性別、城鄉(xiāng)、不同學(xué)齡階段學(xué)生家長的曬傷率差異不具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P0.05）。家長和學(xué)生的皮膚光型測試結(jié)果均以Ⅲ型為主，其次是Ⅳ型。 通過Logistic回歸分析發(fā)現(xiàn)影響學(xué)生防曬的因素有態(tài)度、性別、曬傷史和形象追求，影響家長防曬的因素有性別、態(tài)度和曬傷史。通過相關(guān)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生的知識、態(tài)度、行為得分兩兩相關(guān)（P0.05），家長的知識、態(tài)度、行為得分分別與學(xué)生的知識、態(tài)度、行為的得分呈正相關(guān)（P0.05）。 結(jié)論重慶地區(qū)中小學(xué)生尤其鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)中小學(xué)生對防曬相關(guān)知識的認知程度不高，防曬意識不強，應(yīng)當重視。家長、老師以及專業(yè)醫(yī)生應(yīng)全面結(jié)合起來，指導(dǎo)中小學(xué)生避免過度日曬，促進中小學(xué)生身體健康。
[Abstract]:Objective To study the cognition, attitude, behavior and influence factors of primary and secondary school students and their parents on the students' sun protection, and provide the theoretical basis for the sun protection of primary and middle school students. Methods The combination of qualitative research and quantitative study was used in this study. Method. Qualitative research: the objective sampling in the non-probabilistic sampling method is adopted, the "information saturation" principle is followed, and the personal in-depth interview of the 15 primary and secondary school students is carried out;9 teachers or school doctors,4 student parents,3 sales personnel and 2 medical personnel are interviewed In this paper, four groups of 22 people's panel discussions were carried out in junior middle school students and high school students, and the thematic framework analysis was applied to sum up the scores. A quantitative study was carried out: a stratified cluster random sampling was adopted to randomly select 6 schools in the city of Chongqing, the primary school of the township, the junior high school and the high school, and the students from the fourth grade of the primary school to the third grade of the high school were sampled in the class, and the survey was conducted. A one-to-one principle is followed, and the parents of all the students to be investigated need to fill in the questionnaire, while the students in the primary and third grades are not investigated, but their parents still need to fill in the questionnaire to investigate 2368 Name of the parent. Use the self-prepared "Questionnaire on the Perceptual and Behavior of the Young Students in Chongqing (including the student's volume and the parents' volume)" and the Fitzpatrick-Pahak skin type test gauge to ask Volume investigation. The system is in series with the SPSS17.0 software The results of the qualitative research: the primary and secondary school students, especially the primary and secondary school students, are in danger of ultraviolet light and over-exposure to the sun It's too little to learn. The interview found a selection of sun-screening measures, with women using a sunshade, applying sunscreen and wearing a hat, while a few boys used hats and sunglasses, and the boys went out and did not take any sunscreens when the weather was very hot. The result of the interview shows that the sun-screening knowledge of the primary and middle school students is mainly from the TV advertisement and the surrounding students. The parents' attention to the child is mainly the mother, father It's not a general concern. Sales and medical personnel take the sun-screening of primary and secondary school students A positive attitude. The school's view of the student's sun protection is on the prevention of the summer The results of the quantitative study: the average scores of the sun-screening knowledge, attitude and behavior of the primary and secondary school students were 8.21, 2.14, 6.76, 2.91, 2.94, respectively. The scores of sun-screening knowledge, attitude and behavior of girls (8.212.07, 7.142.83, 3.341.70) were higher than that of boys (7.982.22, 6.95, 2.351.68), and the difference was significant (P (0.05) The scores of sun-screening knowledge of urban students (8.2712) were higher than those in the town (7.952.14), and the difference was significant (P (0.05). The rate of sunburn (61.6%) was higher than that of boys (56.4%) (P <0.05). The rate of sunburn (55.4%) in urban students was higher than that of township students (51.3%) (P <0.05). The rate of sunburn of high school students (68.0%) was higher than that of middle school students (56.0%) and primary school students (55.5%). 0.05). The mother's sun-screening knowledge, attitude, behavior score (8.112.04, 8.462.97, 3.651.95) were higher than that of the father (7.812.13, 7.112.80, 3.132.02), and the difference was statistically significant (P 0.05) The sun-screening knowledge and attitude score of the urban parents (8.172.12, 8.353.11) are higher than those of the parents of the township school (7.812.02, 7.522.76), and the difference is of statistical significance (P 0.05). The score (7.183.05) of the mother's sun-screening attitude to the child was higher than that of the father (6.642.84), and the difference was of statistical significance. (P0.05). The attitude of parents of high school students to the sun protection of children (7.413.45) was higher than that of the parents of primary school (7.032.65) and junior middle school (6.603.00), and the difference was of statistical significance. (P0.05). The difference between different sex, urban and rural areas and students' parents in different school age groups is not statistically significant. (P0.05). The results of skin-light test of parents and students are of type III. The main and the second are the type 鈪，

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