【摘要】：目的： 1.調(diào)查掌握湖南省各級(jí)疾病預(yù)防控制機(jī)構(gòu)生活飲用水水質(zhì)衛(wèi)生監(jiān)測(cè)能力情況。 2.分析湖南省各級(jí)疾病預(yù)防控制機(jī)構(gòu)生活飲用水水質(zhì)衛(wèi)生監(jiān)測(cè)存在的問題,為提高衛(wèi)生監(jiān)測(cè)能力提供依據(jù)。 方法：按照衛(wèi)生部新版《生活飲用水衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(GB5749—2006),設(shè)計(jì)監(jiān)測(cè)能力調(diào)查表,內(nèi)容包括各級(jí)疾病預(yù)防控制機(jī)構(gòu)的實(shí)驗(yàn)室基本情況、檢測(cè)人員信息、對(duì)106項(xiàng)飲用水水質(zhì)項(xiàng)目的檢測(cè)能力和相關(guān)儀器的配備情況。將調(diào)查表發(fā)放到各級(jí)疾病預(yù)防控制機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行普查,并完成數(shù)據(jù)的填寫和上報(bào),對(duì)上報(bào)的相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。結(jié)果： 1.各級(jí)疾控機(jī)構(gòu)實(shí)驗(yàn)室基本情況：全省94.93%的疾控機(jī)構(gòu)通過了計(jì)量認(rèn)證；地市級(jí)以下疾控機(jī)構(gòu)一半以上的實(shí)驗(yàn)室面積集中在500m2以下；地市級(jí)以下的水質(zhì)檢驗(yàn)人員學(xué)歷以大專為主,職稱以初、中級(jí)為主,年齡集中在30—40歲之間； 2.水質(zhì)指標(biāo)的監(jiān)測(cè)情況：全省各級(jí)疾病預(yù)防控制機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)水質(zhì)常規(guī)檢測(cè)指標(biāo)的綜合監(jiān)測(cè)率為71.24%,其中,省級(jí)監(jiān)測(cè)能力達(dá)到100.00%；地級(jí)市監(jiān)測(cè)能力為87.75%；縣級(jí)市監(jiān)測(cè)能力為76.93%；縣(區(qū))級(jí)監(jiān)測(cè)能力為67.96%。對(duì)水質(zhì)非常規(guī)檢測(cè)指標(biāo)的綜合監(jiān)測(cè)率為8.76%,其中,省級(jí)監(jiān)測(cè)能力達(dá)到96.87%；地級(jí)市監(jiān)測(cè)能力為28.24%；縣級(jí)市監(jiān)測(cè)能力為6.15%；縣(區(qū))級(jí)監(jiān)測(cè)能力為5.78%。市、縣(區(qū))級(jí)不能監(jiān)測(cè)的項(xiàng)目主要集中在放射性指標(biāo)中的總α放射性和總β放射性,以及毒理學(xué)指標(biāo)中的三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、溴酸鹽、甲醛、亞氯酸鹽、氯酸鹽、氯胺、二氧化氯、臭氧。 3.飲用水衛(wèi)生監(jiān)測(cè)儀器設(shè)備：縣級(jí)市CDC缺乏一些基本的理化檢驗(yàn)儀器,縣區(qū)疾控中心無一家配備較先進(jìn)的大型設(shè)備。 結(jié)論：湖南省級(jí)以下各級(jí)疾病預(yù)防控制機(jī)構(gòu)實(shí)驗(yàn)室認(rèn)可率較低,水質(zhì)檢驗(yàn)人員素質(zhì)有待加強(qiáng),地市級(jí)以下疾控機(jī)構(gòu)缺乏水質(zhì)檢測(cè)設(shè)備儀器,水質(zhì)監(jiān)測(cè)能力亟待加強(qiáng)。
[Abstract]:Objective: 1. To investigate and master the sanitary monitoring capacity of drinking water quality of disease prevention and control institutions at all levels in Hunan Province. 2. The problems in sanitary monitoring of drinking water quality in disease prevention and control institutions at all levels in Hunan Province were analyzed in order to provide basis for improving the ability of sanitary surveillance. Methods: according to the new edition of Sanitary Standards for drinking Water (GB5749-2006) of the Ministry of Health, a questionnaire on monitoring ability was designed, which included the basic laboratory information of disease prevention and control institutions at all levels, and the information of personnel. The detection ability and equipment of 106 items of drinking water quality were studied. The questionnaire will be sent to the disease prevention and control agencies at all levels to carry out a census, and complete the completion of data filling and reporting, to report the relevant information for statistical analysis. Results: 1. Basic conditions of laboratories of disease control institutions at all levels: 94.93% of the disease control institutions in the province have passed the metrological certification, more than half of the laboratory area of the disease control institutions below the prefectural level is below 500m2; The qualification of water quality inspectors below the municipal level is mainly junior college, professional title is primary, intermediate level, the age is concentrated in 30-40 years old; 2. Monitoring situation of water quality index: the comprehensive monitoring rate of disease prevention and control institutions at all levels in the province is 71.24, in which the provincial monitoring ability reaches 100.00,87.75 in prefectural cities; The monitoring ability of county level is 76.93 and that of county (district) is 67.96. The comprehensive monitoring rate of unconventional water quality detection index is 8.76, among which, the monitoring ability of provincial level is 96.87, that of prefectural city is 28.2424, that of county-level city is 6.15. The ability of monitoring at county (district) level is 5.78. The items that cannot be monitored at the city, county (district) level are mainly the total alpha radioactivity and total beta radioactivity in the radioactivity index, and the trichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, bromate, formaldehyde, chlorite, chloramine in the toxicology index, Chlorine dioxide, ozone. 3. Drinking water sanitation monitoring equipment: the county level city CDC lacks some basic physical and chemical inspection instruments, the county district disease control center does not have the more advanced large-scale equipment. Conclusion: the laboratory accreditation rate of disease prevention and control institutions below the level of Hunan Province is low, the quality of water quality inspectors needs to be strengthened, and the quality of water quality inspection equipment is lacking in the disease control institutions below the prefectural level, and the ability of water quality monitoring needs to be strengthened urgently.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：R123.1

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