【摘要】：目的：初步探索兒童家長(zhǎng)教養(yǎng)方式和氣質(zhì)類型對(duì)兒童多動(dòng)癥的影響,并對(duì)兒童多動(dòng)癥患兒家長(zhǎng)的教養(yǎng)方式與兒童氣質(zhì)類型的聯(lián)系進(jìn)行探討。為幫助兒童多動(dòng)癥患兒家長(zhǎng)尋找正確的教養(yǎng)方式提供可靠的科學(xué)依據(jù)。 方法：隨機(jī)抽取2012年1月-10月在湖南省長(zhǎng)沙湘雅附一、附二、附三、湖南省人民醫(yī)院及湖南省兒童醫(yī)院5所醫(yī)院的兒科門(mén)診中就診的兒童多動(dòng)癥患兒各60例,共計(jì)300例。5所醫(yī)院的呼吸科兒科住院部住院的同年齡段,并不符合我國(guó)中華神經(jīng)精神學(xué)會(huì)通過(guò)的《精神疾病分類方案與診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(第二版)有關(guān)兒童多動(dòng)癥的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),且智力水平在正常范圍、體格檢查無(wú)明顯異常的300名住院兒童及其父母為對(duì)照。病例組對(duì)照組進(jìn)行面對(duì)面匿名問(wèn)卷調(diào)查并記錄。收集資料并加以整理、核對(duì)并錄入電腦,用EpiData3.0軟件包建立數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),將獲取的信息錄入數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),對(duì)定性和等級(jí)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行數(shù)量化處理和統(tǒng)一編碼后用SPSS13.0進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。 結(jié)果：(1)實(shí)際調(diào)查總?cè)藬?shù)480例,數(shù)據(jù)清理后合格者467例,其中,病例216人,對(duì)照251人。病例組兒童的平均年齡為(4.74±1.616)歲；對(duì)照組中平均年齡為(4.75±1.621)歲；表明病例組與對(duì)照組兒童年齡具有可比性(P0.05)。(2)性別、父母婚姻關(guān)系父母教育子女態(tài)度、親子關(guān)系父親情感溫暖,理解因子父親懲罰,嚴(yán)厲因子、父親拒絕,否認(rèn)因子、父親過(guò)度保護(hù)因子母親情感溫暖、理解因子母親偏愛(ài)被試因子兒童氣質(zhì)類型等因素,經(jīng)假設(shè)檢驗(yàn),病例組與對(duì)照組的差別有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05)。(3)病例組兒童家長(zhǎng)教養(yǎng)方式中性別在父親過(guò)度保護(hù),母親情感溫暖、理解的和母親過(guò)干涉、過(guò)保護(hù)等因子上差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05)；獨(dú)生、非獨(dú)生子女與父親情感溫暖、理解、母親過(guò)干涉、過(guò)保護(hù)、母親拒絕、否認(rèn)、母親懲罰、嚴(yán)厲等因子上差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05),父親不同文化程度教養(yǎng)方式比較,經(jīng)方差分析父親文化程度在父親懲罰嚴(yán)厲、父親情感溫暖,理解、父親偏愛(ài)、父親拒絕否認(rèn)因子上差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。母親不同文化程度教養(yǎng)方式比較,經(jīng)方差分析結(jié)果表明,母親文化在母親過(guò)度干涉過(guò)度保護(hù)因子上差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05)。(4)病例組兒童氣質(zhì)類型的影響因素有是否獨(dú)生,父親文化程度及母親職業(yè)。(5)病例組兒童父親教養(yǎng)方式各因子與兒童氣質(zhì)類型各維度的相關(guān)分析表明,病例組兒童規(guī)律性與父親情感溫暖、理解(r=0.158,P0.05),以及兒童反應(yīng)強(qiáng)度與父親過(guò)分干涉(r=0.228,P0.05)成正相關(guān)；病例組兒童的適應(yīng)度與父親過(guò)度保護(hù)(r=-0.145,P0.05)成負(fù)相關(guān)。病例組兒童母親教養(yǎng)方式各因子與兒童氣質(zhì)類型各維度的相關(guān)分析表明,病例組兒童規(guī)律性與母親偏愛(ài)被試(r=-0.146,P0.05)成負(fù)相關(guān)；兒童驅(qū)避性與母親拒絕、否認(rèn)(r=0.226,P0.05)成正相關(guān)；病例組兒童的情緒本質(zhì)與母親拒絕、否認(rèn)(r=0.237,P0.05)成正相關(guān)。 結(jié)論：1.性別、父母婚姻關(guān)系、父母教育態(tài)度不一致、親子關(guān)系不佳、缺乏父親情感溫暖、理解父親懲罰嚴(yán)厲、父親拒絕否認(rèn)、父親過(guò)度保護(hù)、母親偏愛(ài)；活動(dòng)多、適應(yīng)性慢、反應(yīng)強(qiáng)烈、注意力分散是兒童多動(dòng)癥的主要影響因素。2.兒童多動(dòng)癥患兒氣質(zhì)類型的多數(shù)維度與父母教養(yǎng)方式的多數(shù)因子存在顯著的相關(guān)。
[Abstract]:Objective: To explore the influence of parental rearing patterns and temperament types on children with ADHD, and to explore the relationship between parental rearing patterns and temperament types of children with ADHD.
Methods: 60 children with ADHD were randomly selected from the pediatric outpatient clinics of 5 hospitals of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital and Hunan Provincial Children's Hospital from January to October 2012. The total number of children with ADHD was 300. The criteria for the diagnosis of ADHD in children adopted by the Psychiatric Society are Classification Scheme and Diagnostic Criteria for Mental Diseases (2nd edition). 300 hospitalized children and their parents with normal intelligence level and no obvious abnormality in physical examination are taken as controls. The control group is investigated by face-to-face anonymous questionnaires and data are collected. And collate, check and input the computer, use EpiData 3.0 software package to establish a database, access to information into the database, qualitative and grade indicators for quantitative processing and unified coding SPSS13.0 statistical analysis.
Results: (1) The total number of 480 cases was investigated and 467 cases were qualified, including 216 cases and 251 controls. There were significant differences between the case group and the control group (P 0.05). (3) There were significant differences in parental rearing styles between male and female (P 0.05), such as father's over-protection, mother's emotional warmth, understanding and mother's over-interference and over-protection (P 0.05); only-child, non-only-child and father's emotional warmth, understanding, mother's over-interference, over-protection, mother's refusal, denial, mother's punishment, severity and so on. The difference was statistically significant (P 0.05). The parenting styles of fathers with different education levels were compared. The analysis of variance showed that the parental education level was significantly different in the factors of severe punishment, warmth of father's emotion, understanding, father's preference and father's refusal to deny. There was a significant difference in the factors of mother's over-intervention and over-protection (P Father's emotional warmth, understanding (r = 0.158, P 0.05), and children's reaction intensity were positively correlated with father's over-interference (r = 0.228, P 0.05), while the children's adaptability in case group was negatively correlated with father's over-protection (r = - 0.145, P 0.05). Children's regularity was negatively correlated with maternal preference (r = - 0.146, P 0.05); children's repellency was positively correlated with maternal refusal and denial (r = 0.226, P 0.05); children's emotional nature was positively correlated with maternal refusal and denial (r = 0.237, P 0.05).
Conclusion: 1. Gender, marital relationship, inconsistent parental education attitude, poor parent-child relationship, lack of emotional warmth, understanding of the father's severe punishment, father's refusal to deny, father's over-protection, mother's preference; more activities, slow adaptability, strong response, distraction are the main influencing factors of ADHD in children. Most dimensions of temperament were significantly related to most factors of parental rearing styles.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：R179

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