【摘要】：[目的]調(diào)查和比較上海市黃浦區(qū)和濟(jì)南市兩地老年人的膳食攝入情況及營養(yǎng)狀況,以進(jìn)一步采取干預(yù)措施,提高老年人營養(yǎng)水平。[方法]采用分層隨機(jī)抽樣的方法,抽取上海市黃浦區(qū)(n=404)、濟(jì)南市(n=546)共950名60歲及以上老年人,進(jìn)行體格測(cè)量、生化指標(biāo)檢測(cè)及簡(jiǎn)化食物頻率問卷調(diào)查,比較老年人營養(yǎng)狀況及膳食攝入情況。[結(jié)果]上海市黃浦區(qū)所調(diào)查老年人群的肥胖率為4.2%,血壓異常率為36.4%,血糖異常率為26.0%,血脂異常率為41.3%;濟(jì)南市所調(diào)查老年人群的肥胖率為9.5%,血壓異常率為62.1%,血糖異常率為32.8%,血脂異常率為52.7%,四項(xiàng)指標(biāo)均高于上海市黃浦區(qū)老年人(P0.05或P0.01)。簡(jiǎn)化食物頻率問卷調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,濟(jì)南市老年人每日消費(fèi)的谷類(235.9 g vs 216.7 g)、雜糧(35.2 g vs 19.6 g)、蛋類(48.5 g vs 35.8 g)、堅(jiān)果(18.1 g vs 11.5 g)、食用油(36.2 g vs 30.8 g)、鹽(8.3 g vs 5.6 g)高于上海市黃浦區(qū)老年人,水果(94.8 g vs 123.4 g)、畜禽類(41.8 g vs 79.6 g)、水產(chǎn)品(11.9 g vs 62.2 g)、牛奶(85.7 g vs 154.7 g)、大豆類食物(19.0 g vs 23.3 g)消費(fèi)低于上海市黃浦區(qū)老年人(P0.05或P0.01)。兩地老年人群均有膳食纖維、維生素A、維生素B1、鈣攝入不足,男性鋅攝入不足,濟(jì)南市老年人維生素B2攝入不足。[結(jié)論]本次調(diào)查的上海市黃浦區(qū)和濟(jì)南市老年人承受肥胖、血壓異常、血糖異常等問題的困擾,且存在膳食營養(yǎng)素?cái)z入不平衡的問題。
[Abstract]:[objective] to investigate and compare the dietary intake and nutritional status of the elderly in Huangpu District of Shanghai and Jinan City in order to take further intervention measures to improve the nutritional level of the elderly. [methods] A total of 950 elderly people aged 60 and above were selected from Huangpu District (NZ404) and Jinan City (NZ546) by stratified random sampling. The physical examination, biochemical index test and simplified food frequency questionnaire were carried out. The nutritional status and dietary intake of the elderly were compared. [results] the obesity rate, abnormal blood pressure rate, blood glucose abnormality rate and blood lipid abnormality rate were 4.2, 36.4, 26.0 and 41.3 in the elderly population investigated in Huangpu District, Shanghai, respectively, and the obesity rate was 9.5%, the abnormal blood pressure rate was 62.1% and the blood glucose abnormal rate was 62.1% in Jinan City. The normal rate was 32. 8 and the abnormal rate of blood lipid was 52. 7. The four indexes were higher than those of the elderly in Huangpu District of Shanghai (P0.05 or P0.01). The results of the simplified food frequency questionnaire showed that, The daily consumption of cereals (235.9 g vs 216.7 g),) (35.2 g vs 19.6 g), eggs) (48.5 g vs 35.8 g), nuts (18.1 g vs 11.5 g), edible oil) (36.2 g vs 30.8 g), salt) in Jinan City was higher than that in Huangpu District of Shanghai. The consumption of fruit (94.8 g vs 123.4 g),) livestock and poultry (41.8 g vs 79.6 g), aquatic product) (11.9 g vs 62.2 g), milk (85.7 g vs 154.7 g), soybean food (19.0 g vs 23.3 g) was lower than that of the elderly in Huangpu District of Shanghai (P0.05 or P0.01). Dietary fiber, vitamin A, vitamin B1, calcium intake were not enough, zinc intake was insufficient in male, vitamin B2 intake was insufficient in Jinan elderly people. [conclusion] the elderly people in Huangpu District and Jinan City of Shanghai were suffering from obesity, abnormal blood pressure, abnormal blood sugar and unbalanced dietary nutrient intake.
【作者單位】： 復(fù)旦大學(xué)公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院營養(yǎng)與食品衛(wèi)生教研室教育部公共衛(wèi)生安全重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;山東大學(xué)公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院;
【基金】：科技部基礎(chǔ)性工作專項(xiàng)(編號(hào):2015FY111600)
【分類號(hào)】：R153.3

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