【摘要】：安全問題始終伴隨著人類的發(fā)展進程,要提高安全管理水平,就需要對導致安全事故的原因進行深入研究,從而對源頭進行控制。導致安全事故的原因多種多樣,但人越來越成為其中的主角,人因失誤在事故原因中扮演越來越主要的角色。人因失誤的發(fā)生同樣原因眾多,但目前對腦力負荷導致人因失誤的致因機理不甚了解,預測預防人因失誤導致安全事故的措施更是少見。因此,有必要加強對人因失誤相關(guān)問題的研究。 先前的研究表明,腦力負荷是導致人因失誤的重要原因,并有相關(guān)的證據(jù)表明這一結(jié)論的合理性。本文通過設計單任務和雙任務對比實驗,結(jié)合事件相關(guān)電位技術(shù),考察在有無額外施加的腦力負荷情況下人的失誤情況,并以此結(jié)果為基礎挖掘腦力負荷導致人因失誤的機理,以及不同決策反應下行為和腦電表征的差異。 對行為數(shù)據(jù)的分析表明,在腦力負荷過高的情況下,人因失誤更容易發(fā)生,且腦力負荷存在一定的閾值,超過閾值后人的作業(yè)業(yè)績急劇下滑并維持在很低的水平。腦電數(shù)據(jù)的分析結(jié)果揭示了過高的腦力負荷導致人因失誤的部分可能原因：在同樣的任務難度下需要投入更多的腦力資源,以及進入任務準備狀態(tài)時間的延長。結(jié)合行為數(shù)據(jù)和腦電數(shù)據(jù),提出可以根據(jù)P300波幅和反應時鑒別虛報的決策行為,由此建議可以在導致嚴重的安全事故前實施糾正補救措施,從而預防人因事故的發(fā)生。 最后,針對本文研究中存在的一些容易產(chǎn)生疑問的地方進行了辨析,總結(jié)了本文結(jié)論對安全管理的貢獻,以及在實際應用方面的意義；并指出本文研究方面和實驗設計方面的不足,為以后的進一步研究提出了一些思路。
[Abstract]:Safety problems are always accompanied by the development of human beings. In order to improve the level of safety management, it is necessary to deeply study the causes of safety accidents and control the source. There are a variety of reasons leading to safety accidents, but more and more people become the protagonists, and human errors play a more and more important role in the accidents. There are many reasons for human error, but at present, the mechanism of human error caused by mental load is not well understood, and it is rare to predict how to prevent human error from causing safety accident. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the study of human error related problems. Previous studies have shown that mental load is an important cause of human error, and there is evidence to justify this conclusion. In this paper, by designing single-task and dual-task comparative experiments and combining with event-related potential technique, we investigate the human error under the condition of additional mental load, and explore the mechanism of human error caused by brainpower load on the basis of the results. And the difference of behavior and EEG under different decision-making reaction. The analysis of behavior data shows that human errors are more likely to occur when the mental load is too high, and there is a certain threshold of mental load, beyond which the work performance of later generations drops sharply and remains at a very low level. The results of EEG data analysis reveal that too much mental load may lead to human error: more mental resources need to be invested in the same task difficulty, and the time to get into the task preparation state is prolonged. Based on the behavioral data and EEG data, the decision behaviors which can be identified according to the amplitude and reaction time of P300 wave are proposed. It is suggested that corrective and remedial measures can be implemented before causing serious safety accidents, thus preventing the occurrence of human accidents. At last, the paper analyzes some problems in the research, summarizes the contribution of the conclusions to safety management, and the significance in practical application. It also points out the deficiency of the research and experimental design in this paper, and puts forward some ideas for further research.
【學位授予單位】：西南交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：X912.9;R131

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