發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-01 08:22

【摘要】：1.目的 通過(guò)比較某超硬材料建設(shè)項(xiàng)目搬遷前后職業(yè)病危害的控制效果,探討其搬遷后職業(yè)病危害控制效果的改善情況及影響因素,為今后職業(yè)病防治工作提供依據(jù)。 2.方法 2.1職業(yè)衛(wèi)生調(diào)查 包括生產(chǎn)過(guò)程衛(wèi)生學(xué)的調(diào)查：調(diào)查生產(chǎn)工藝流程及項(xiàng)目運(yùn)行的基本概況,從而確定生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中可能產(chǎn)生(或存在)的各種職業(yè)病危害的名稱；作業(yè)環(huán)境衛(wèi)生學(xué)情況的調(diào)查：調(diào)查項(xiàng)目選址及生產(chǎn)工藝、總平面布局、個(gè)人使用的防護(hù)用品、為防止或減輕職業(yè)病危害而設(shè)置的防護(hù)設(shè)施、應(yīng)急救援裝備和設(shè)施的配置情況；職業(yè)衛(wèi)生管理情況的調(diào)查：包括職業(yè)衛(wèi)生管理機(jī)構(gòu)及人員的配置情況,職業(yè)衛(wèi)生管理制度的制定及制度的具體落實(shí)情況,職業(yè)病危害的定期檢測(cè)情況、勞動(dòng)者的職業(yè)健康監(jiān)護(hù)情況、職業(yè)衛(wèi)生管理檔案情況等。 2.2職業(yè)病危害因素檢測(cè) 在生產(chǎn)狀態(tài)正常的情況下,依據(jù)《工作場(chǎng)所空氣中有害物質(zhì)監(jiān)測(cè)的采樣規(guī)范》、《工作場(chǎng)所空氣中粉塵測(cè)定》、《工作場(chǎng)所空氣有毒物質(zhì)測(cè)定》、《工作場(chǎng)所物理因素測(cè)量》、《照明測(cè)量方法》等規(guī)范、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的規(guī)定,對(duì)該廠生產(chǎn)運(yùn)行過(guò)程中可能產(chǎn)生(或存在)的各種職業(yè)病危害進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)采樣和實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測(cè)分析,對(duì)各種職業(yè)病危害的濃度(或強(qiáng)度)及生產(chǎn)車間設(shè)置的各種防護(hù)設(shè)施的防護(hù)效果進(jìn)行評(píng)定。 3.結(jié)果 檢測(cè)結(jié)果方面：在搬遷前日常檢測(cè)和搬遷后控制效果評(píng)價(jià)中,氨、硫酸、鹽酸、氫氧化鈉、工頻電場(chǎng)的濃度或強(qiáng)度均符合國(guó)家規(guī)定的限值要求。粉塵、噪聲為超標(biāo)因素�；炝瞎�、壓棒工、提純工接觸粉塵的TWA結(jié)果搬遷后低于搬遷前�；炝瞎ぁ喊艄そ佑|噪聲的8小時(shí)等效聲級(jí)結(jié)果搬遷后比搬遷前低10分貝左右。搬遷后工種個(gè)體粉塵檢測(cè)、崗位定點(diǎn)粉塵檢測(cè)結(jié)果合格率均高于搬遷前,χ2分別為16.23、5.45,P0.05,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。噪聲8h等效連續(xù)聲級(jí)檢測(cè)結(jié)果搬遷前和搬遷后比較,x2=0.19,P0.05,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。 職業(yè)病防護(hù)設(shè)施方面：新建項(xiàng)目在搬遷前的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步完善了職業(yè)病防護(hù)設(shè)施,在混料間和壓制室安裝了除塵器,并對(duì)后處理生產(chǎn)線的破碎、球磨實(shí)施濕式作業(yè),在混料機(jī)和壓棒機(jī)本身機(jī)殼加裝了隔聲罩。 4.結(jié)論 新建項(xiàng)目工作場(chǎng)所存在的氨、硫酸、鹽酸、氫氧化鈉的濃度和工頻電場(chǎng)的強(qiáng)度均符合國(guó)家規(guī)定的限值要求,粉塵、噪聲為超標(biāo)因素。和搬遷前相比,搬遷后粉塵和噪聲職業(yè)病危害得到了改善,主要原因在于職業(yè)病防護(hù)設(shè)施的補(bǔ)充完善和濕式作業(yè)的實(shí)施。
[Abstract]:1. Objective to compare the control effect of occupational disease hazards before and after the relocation of a superhard material construction project, and to discuss the improvement of occupational disease hazard control effect and its influencing factors after relocation. To provide the basis for the prevention and control of occupational diseases in the future. 2. Methods 2.1 Occupational health survey included investigation of production process hygiene: investigation of production process flow and basic general situation of project operation. To determine the names of various occupational hazards that may occur (or exist) in the production process; to investigate the hygienic conditions of the working environment; to investigate the site selection and production process of the project, the general layout of the plan, and the protective articles used by individuals, The allocation of protective facilities, emergency rescue equipment and facilities for the prevention or mitigation of occupational disease hazards; investigation of occupational health management: including the allocation of occupational health management institutions and personnel, The establishment and implementation of the occupational health management system, the regular monitoring of occupational disease hazards, and the occupational health monitoring of workers, 2.2 Detection of occupational disease hazard factors under normal production conditions, According to "sampling Standard for Monitoring harmful substances in Workplace Air", "Dust Measurement in Workplace Air", "determination of toxic substances in Workplace Air", "physical Factor Measurement in Workplace", "Lighting Measurement method", etc. Field sampling and laboratory analysis of various occupational hazards that may occur (or exist) in the course of production and operation of the plant, The concentration (or intensity) of various occupational hazards and the protective effects of various protective facilities installed in the workshop were evaluated. Results: the concentration or strength of ammonia, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide and power frequency electric field in routine detection before relocation and evaluation of control effect after relocation were all in accordance with the limit required by the state. Dust and noise are over standard factors. The TWA results of workers exposed to dust were lower than those before removal. The equivalent sound level after 8 hours of contact noise of compactor and bar is about 10 decibels lower than that before moving. After relocation, the qualified rate of dust detection at fixed point was higher than that before relocation, 蠂 2 was 16.2355.45 (P0.05), the difference was statistically significant. Noise 8 h equivalent continuous sound level test results were compared before and after the relocation, the difference was not statistically significant. Occupational disease protection facilities: on the basis of the relocation of the new project, the new project has further improved the occupational disease protection facilities, installed a dust collector in the mixing room and the compacting chamber, and has broken down the reprocessing production line and carried out wet operation in the ball mill. Sound isolating cover is installed in the housing of mixer and bar press. 4. Conclusion the concentration of ammonia, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide and the intensity of power frequency electric field in the workplace of the newly built project are all in line with the limit required by the state, and the dust and noise are the factors of exceeding the standard. Compared with before relocation, dust and noise occupational hazards were improved after relocation, mainly due to the improvement of occupational disease protection facilities and the implementation of wet operation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：R135

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