本文選題：小學生 + 體格發(fā)育��； 參考：《延邊大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的：研究延邊地區(qū)朝鮮族和漢族小學生體格發(fā)育指標分布特征,為小學生生長發(fā)育的研究提供相應資料,也為開展學校衛(wèi)生保健工作提供信息與指導。方法：于2011-2012年6月,采用整群抽樣方法抽取延邊地區(qū)3所小學8-12歲小學生3159名(朝鮮族2213名,漢族946),全部研究對象對調查內容均知情同意。選擇研究對象時,排除其他民族及混血民族學生以便更準確的比較民族之間的差異性。②采用標準化的調查表收集本研究的相關信息。③在清晨空腹狀態(tài)下進行體格檢查,按標準化方法準確測量身高(height, cm)、體重(weight, kg)、體重指數(shù)[body mass index, BMI (kg/m2)],分組計算均數(shù)和百分位數(shù)(主要以P10、P85和P95為代表),分析本地區(qū)不同民族學生間體格發(fā)育指標的分布差異。分別采用《中國學生7-22歲身高標準體重值》(身高標準體重)和國際生命科學學會中國肥胖工作組(WGOC)制定的BMI標準評價學生的營養(yǎng)狀況。將本地區(qū)BMI P85和P85與WGOC超重和肥胖分類標準進行比較。④采用SPSS 17.0統(tǒng)計軟件進行數(shù)據(jù)分析,正態(tài)分布的計量資料行t檢驗及方差分析,計數(shù)資料的比較采用χ2檢驗。結果：(1)朝鮮族和漢族男生身高(cm)平均水平分別為143.09±10.69和139.21±9.46,女生分別為143.08±10.52和138.22±10.23,其民族差異均有顯著的統(tǒng)計學意義(t男=7.136,t女=8.502；均P0.0001)；本地區(qū)學生的身高(F朝男=2440.147,F漢男=1106.588,F朝女=3147.320,F漢女=1448.040)均隨年齡的增長呈升高的趨勢,其升高趨勢有統(tǒng)計學意義(均P0.0001)。朝鮮族和漢族男生體重(kg)平均水平分別為38.37±11.20和34.41±10.19,女生分別為37.75±10.67和32.75±9.05,其民族差異均有顯著的統(tǒng)計學意義(t男=6.846,t女=9.568；均P0.0001)；本地區(qū)學生的體重(F-=702.094,F漢男=250.931,F-=1037.084,,-=403.717)均隨年齡的增長呈升高的趨勢,其升高趨勢有統(tǒng)計學意義(1P0.0001)。朝鮮族和漢族男生BMI (kg/m2)平均水平分別為18.43±3.50和17.46±3.37,女生分別為18.13±3.35和16.86±2.89,其民族差異均有顯著的統(tǒng)計學意義(t男=5.131,t女=7.631；均P0.0001)；本地區(qū)學生的BMI(F朝男-=100.289,F漢男=28.879,F朝女=192.764,F漢女=47.303)均隨年齡的增長呈升高的趨勢,其升高趨勢有統(tǒng)計學意義(均P0.0001)。(2)朝鮮族男生BMI (kg/m2) P85口P95位點值分別為22.4和25.3,漢族男生分別為20.8和24.6,不同民族男生P85和P95位點值差值分別為1.6和0.7；朝鮮族女生BMI P85和P95位點值分別為21.3和24.2,漢族女生分別為19.4和22.6,不同民族女生P85和P95位點值差值分別為1.9和1.6。將本地區(qū)學生各百分位點值與WGOC超重、肥胖分類標準進行比較結果顯示,本地區(qū)朝鮮族和漢族男生BMI P85和P95位點值均高于WGOC超重和肥胖標準界值(差值為1.3～2.8)。(3)按照身高標準體重,本地區(qū)朝鮮族男生營養(yǎng)不良、超重及肥胖檢出率分別為12.4%、13.5%及23.3%,漢族男生分別為19.4%、9.7%及16.5%,朝鮮族女生分別為16.6%、13.7%及19.4%,漢族女生分別為23.1%、9.5%及12.0%；無論男生和女生不同民族的營養(yǎng)不良檢出率沒有差異(χ2男=3.458,χ2女=1.495；均P0.05),而朝鮮族的超重(χ2男=4.588,χ2女=5.963；均P0.05)及肥胖(χ2男=9.450,χ2女=13.593；均P0.01)檢出率均高于漢族。按照WGOC標準,本地區(qū)朝鮮族男生消瘦、超重及肥胖檢出率分別為4.1%、15.7%及14.4%,漢族男生分別為9.3%、10.1%及9.3%,朝鮮族女生分別為4.7%、11.3%及10.8%,漢族女生分別為8.9%、6.6%及5.1%；無論男生和女生朝鮮族的消瘦檢出率顯著低于漢族(χ2男=8.888,χ2女=6.688；均P0.01),而朝鮮族的超重(χ2男=7.042,χ2女=7.207；均P0.01)及肥胖(χ2男=8.552,χ2女=10.431；均P0.01)檢出率則顯著高于漢族。結論：(1)延邊地區(qū)朝鮮族和漢族小學生體格發(fā)育分布特征的差異明顯,無論男生和女生朝鮮族各項體格發(fā)育指標的平均水平均顯著高于漢族。 (2)朝鮮族BMI P85P95位點值均高于漢族,且本地區(qū)學生的BMI P85和P95位點值均高于WGOC超重和肥胖標準界值。(3)2種標準檢出的營養(yǎng)不良檢出率朝鮮族均低于漢族,而超重及肥胖檢出率朝鮮族則高于漢族,且本地區(qū)漢族小學生營養(yǎng)不良現(xiàn)象普遍存在,而朝鮮族小學生超重及肥胖率已達到流行水平,應對不同民族小學生分別進行營養(yǎng)和體質改善工作,提高學生的生長發(fā)育水平。 (4)2種標準篩查的營養(yǎng)不良、超重及肥胖檢出率有所不同,建議選用適當?shù)腂MI標準進行本地區(qū)小學生超重和肥胖篩查及肥胖癥的診斷,以及其相關的研究。
[Abstract]:Objective: To study the distribution characteristics of the physical development index of Korean and Han pupils in Yanbian area, provide relevant information for the study of primary school students' growth and development, and provide information and guidance for school health care. Methods: in June 2011-2012, 3159 pupils of 8-12 year old pupils in 3 primary schools were selected by cluster sampling. (2213 Korean people, 946 Han people), all the subjects informed consent of the investigation. When choosing the subjects, the students of other nationalities and mixed blood nationalities were excluded to compare the differences between ethnic groups more accurately. (2) the relevant information of the study was collected by standardized questionnaire. The standardized method accurately measured the height (height, CM), weight (weight, kg), body mass index [body mass index, BMI (kg/m2)]. The average number and percentile (mainly P10, P85 and P95) were used to analyze the distribution difference between the students of different ethnic groups in the local areas. The standard weight value of Chinese students at 7-22 years old was used respectively. (height standard weight) and the BMI standard established by the Chinese obesity working group (WGOC) of the International Life Science Society (WGOC) to evaluate the nutritional status of students. Compare the local BMI P85 and P85 with WGOC overweight and obesity classification standards. (4) using the SPSS 17 statistical software for data analysis, the normal distribution of the measurement data of t test and variance analysis, The comparison of the data was made by the x 2 test. Results: (1) the average height (CM) of Korean and Han boys was 143.09 + 10.69 and 139.21 + 9.46, respectively, and girls were 143.08 + 10.52 and 138.22 + 10.23, respectively. The national differences were statistically significant (t male =7.136, t = 8.502; P0.0001); the height of students in the region (F to male =2440.14) 7, F Han men =1106.588, F towards female =3147.320, F Chinese female =1448.040) increased with age, and the increase trend was statistically significant (P0.0001). The average level of body weight (kg) of Korean and Han boys was 38.37 + 11.20 and 34.41 + 10.19 respectively, and girls were 37.75 + 10.67 and 32.75 + 9.05, respectively. Study significance (t male =6.846, t female =9.568; P0.0001); the body weight (F-=702.094, F man =250.931, F-=1037.084, -=403.717) of local students increased with age, and the increase trend was statistically significant (1P0.0001). The average level of Korean and Han males was 18.43 + 3.50 and 17.46 + 3.37 respectively. The national differences were 18.13 + 3.35 and 16.86 + 2.89, respectively (t male =5.131, t female =7.631; P0.0001); BMI (F towards male -=100.289, F male =28.879, F Dynasty female =192.764, female female) increased with age, and the trend was statistically significant (2) North Korea. The P95 point values of BMI (kg/m2) P85 are 22.4 and 25.3 respectively, and the Han boys are 20.8 and 24.6 respectively. The difference values of P85 and P95 point values of different ethnic boys are 1.6 and 0.7, the BMI P85 and P95 bit values of Korean girls are 21.3 and 24.2 respectively, and the Han girls are 19.4 and 22.6, respectively, and the difference values of the P85 and P95 point values of different ethnic girls are 1, respectively. .9 and 1.6. showed that the point values of students in the region were compared with WGOC overweight and obesity classification standards. The values of BMI P85 and P95 in Korean and Han boys were higher than those of WGOC overweight and obesity standards (the difference was 1.3 to 2.8). (3) in accordance with the height standard body weight, the DPRK boys in the region were malnourished, overweight and obese. The detection rates were 12.4%, 13.5% and 23.3% respectively, and the Han boys were 19.4%, 9.7% and 16.5% respectively. The Korean girls were 16.6%, 13.7% and 19.4% respectively, and the Han girls were 23.1%, 9.5% and 12%, respectively. There was no difference in the prevalence rate of malnutrition between boys and girls (chi 2 men =3.458, Chi Chi =1.495, P0.05), and the overweight (chi square) of the Korean nationality (chi square) Male =4.588, x 2 =5.963, P0.05) and obesity (chi 2 male =9.450, chi 2 female =13.593; P0.01) were higher than the Han nationality. According to the WGOC standard, the Korean boys were thin, the prevalence rate of overweight and obesity were 4.1%, 15.7% and 14.4% respectively, the Han boys were 9.3%, 10.1% and 9.3% respectively, and the Korean girls were 4.7%, 11.3% and 10.8%, Han women respectively. The birth rate was 8.9%, 6.6% and 5.1% respectively. No matter the Han nationality and the Korean nationality, the detection rate was significantly lower than the Han nationality (chi 2 male =8.888, chi 2 female =6.688, P0.01), while the Korean nationality was overweight (chi 2 male =7.042, chi 2 female =7.207; P0.01) and obesity (chi 2 male =8.552, chi 2 female =10.431; P0.01) was significantly higher than the Han nationality. (1) Yanbian area The differences of physical development distribution characteristics between Korean and Han pupils were obvious. The average level of physical development indexes of boys and girls was significantly higher than that of Han nationality. (2) the BMI P85P95 point value of Korean nationality was higher than that of Han, and the BMI P85 and P95 values of students in the region were higher than the standard boundary value of WGOC overweight and obesity. (3) 2 species. The detection rate of DPRK detected by the standard was lower than that of the Han nationality, while the detection rate of overweight and obesity was higher than that of the Han nationality, and the malnutrition of Han Primary School Students in this area was common, while the overweight and obesity rate of Korean primary school pupils had reached the epidemic level, and the nutritional and physical improvement work should be carried out for the pupils of different ethnic groups. To improve the level of students' growth and development. (4) the 2 standard screening of malnutrition, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is different. It is suggested that appropriate BMI standards should be selected for the diagnosis of overweight and obesity screening and obesity in local primary school, and the related research.

【學位授予單位】：延邊大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：R179

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