本文選題：鉛酸蓄電池 + 鉛�。� 參考：《南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：鉛酸蓄電池是一種能夠貯蓄、釋放電能的電氣化學(xué)設(shè)備，也是世界上各類電池中產(chǎn)量最大、用途最廣的一類電池。隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的騰飛，交通運(yùn)輸業(yè)、移動(dòng)通訊業(yè)、太陽能等清潔能源發(fā)電產(chǎn)業(yè)進(jìn)入了飛速發(fā)展時(shí)期，鉛酸蓄電池產(chǎn)業(yè)也因此而蓬勃發(fā)展。江蘇的蘇中、蘇北的部分地區(qū)，鉛酸蓄電池產(chǎn)業(yè)已成為當(dāng)?shù)氐闹е彤a(chǎn)業(yè)，為地方發(fā)展起著巨大的作用。然而，鉛酸蓄電池產(chǎn)業(yè)在不斷創(chuàng)造社會(huì)財(cái)富的同時(shí)，其生產(chǎn)過程中產(chǎn)生的含鉛污染物對(duì)職業(yè)人群造成的健康危害和周圍環(huán)境的污染現(xiàn)象也逐漸顯現(xiàn)出來。 因此，，為了最大程度的降低職業(yè)人群鉛中毒的發(fā)生率，改善鉛酸蓄電池企業(yè)周圍環(huán)境并初步掌握鉛污染遷徙路徑和規(guī)律，本研究對(duì)江蘇省典型鉛酸蓄電池企業(yè)職業(yè)危害現(xiàn)狀及對(duì)周邊環(huán)境影響進(jìn)行了調(diào)查研究，并為制定《江蘇省鉛酸蓄電池企業(yè)職業(yè)危害防護(hù)技術(shù)規(guī)范》提供有效依據(jù)。 第一部分：江蘇省典型鉛酸蓄電池企業(yè)職業(yè)危害現(xiàn)狀調(diào)查 目的調(diào)查江蘇省典型鉛酸蓄電池企業(yè)職業(yè)危害現(xiàn)狀，為鉛酸蓄電池行業(yè)鉛危害的預(yù)防控制以及《江蘇省鉛酸蓄電池企業(yè)職業(yè)危害防護(hù)技術(shù)規(guī)范》的制定提供理論依據(jù)。 方法按照國家相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)范，采取職業(yè)衛(wèi)生學(xué)現(xiàn)場調(diào)查、現(xiàn)場檢測與評(píng)價(jià)等方法，對(duì)該鉛酸蓄電池企業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程中存在的職業(yè)危害因素進(jìn)行識(shí)別、分析與評(píng)價(jià)。 結(jié)果江蘇省典型鉛酸蓄電池企業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程產(chǎn)生的主要職業(yè)危害因素是鉛煙、鉛塵、噪聲等。個(gè)體采樣中涉鉛勞動(dòng)者超標(biāo)率為83.3%，噪聲檢測超標(biāo)率為100%；定點(diǎn)采樣中鉛煙、塵檢測超標(biāo)率為84.2%，噪聲檢測超標(biāo)率為50%；職業(yè)健康體檢血鉛水平達(dá)到400μg/L以上者占總?cè)藬?shù)的15.3%；極板生產(chǎn)崗位、焊接崗位職工血鉛超標(biāo)率高達(dá)34.1%和26.2%；部分作業(yè)場所職業(yè)病防護(hù)設(shè)施設(shè)置不夠完善、合理；部分崗位員工沒有按照要求規(guī)范佩戴個(gè)人防護(hù)用品。 結(jié)論江蘇省典型鉛酸蓄電池企業(yè)職業(yè)危害現(xiàn)狀不容忽視，涉鉛職業(yè)人群血鉛超標(biāo)現(xiàn)象比較嚴(yán)重，須加緊采取有效措施預(yù)防控制職業(yè)危害。 第二部分：江蘇省典型鉛酸蓄電池企業(yè)周圍環(huán)境鉛污染水平調(diào)查 目的調(diào)查江蘇省典型鉛酸蓄電池企業(yè)對(duì)周圍環(huán)境的影響，為改善環(huán)境及《江蘇省鉛酸蓄電池企業(yè)職業(yè)危害防護(hù)技術(shù)規(guī)范》的制定提供有效依據(jù)。 方法按照國家相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)范，采集、檢測該企業(yè)內(nèi)、企業(yè)外（上、下風(fēng)向不同距離）的環(huán)境樣品。 結(jié)果下風(fēng)向區(qū)土壤鉛含量中位數(shù)均明顯高于上風(fēng)向區(qū)域（P 0.05）；表層土壤、植物根部土壤超標(biāo)率分別為3.45%、14.29%；企業(yè)內(nèi)自來水、水溝水樣品超標(biāo)率分別為16.67%、100%，而企業(yè)外水樣均未超標(biāo)；作業(yè)區(qū)空氣鉛含量中位數(shù)均顯著高于行政區(qū)（P=0.033）；上風(fēng)向區(qū)空氣鉛含量中位數(shù)與下風(fēng)向區(qū)并沒有顯著差異（P=0.148）；企業(yè)內(nèi)、外空氣樣超標(biāo)率分別為28.57%、75.00%；作業(yè)區(qū)、下風(fēng)向區(qū)植物鉛含量中位數(shù)均顯著高于行政區(qū)、上風(fēng)向（P=0.015和P=0.047）；環(huán)境樣（土壤、空氣、植物）鉛含量分布曲線中上風(fēng)向區(qū)域每個(gè)距離點(diǎn)環(huán)境樣鉛含量波動(dòng)幅度比較小；下風(fēng)向區(qū)域的分布曲線呈先降低（尤其是200m以內(nèi)的鉛含量呈急劇下降）后平穩(wěn)的趨勢。 結(jié)論該企業(yè)對(duì)周圍環(huán)境存在一定程度的污染，需加緊采取有效的鉛污染預(yù)防控制措施。 第三部分：《江蘇省鉛酸蓄電池企業(yè)職業(yè)危害防護(hù)技術(shù)規(guī)范》的制定 目的制定《江蘇省鉛酸蓄電池企業(yè)職業(yè)危害防護(hù)技術(shù)規(guī)范》初稿，為我省鉛酸蓄電池企業(yè)職業(yè)衛(wèi)生管理和職業(yè)衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督提供依據(jù)。 方法在《中華人民共和國職業(yè)病防治法》的總體指導(dǎo)思想下，根據(jù)對(duì)江蘇省典型鉛酸蓄電池企業(yè)職業(yè)危害因素以及周邊環(huán)境影響的調(diào)查結(jié)果，結(jié)合近些年來對(duì)我省多家鉛酸蓄電池企業(yè)的現(xiàn)場調(diào)查和走訪所獲取的信息，嚴(yán)格按照國家相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)范進(jìn)行撰寫制定。 結(jié)果完成《江蘇省鉛酸蓄電池企業(yè)職業(yè)危害防護(hù)技術(shù)規(guī)范》的初稿，包括以下幾個(gè)方面：范圍、規(guī)范性引用文件、術(shù)語和定義、基本要求、職業(yè)衛(wèi)生工程防護(hù)措施、設(shè)備維護(hù)的衛(wèi)生要求、個(gè)人防護(hù)用品的衛(wèi)生要求、工作場所職業(yè)危害因素監(jiān)測、職業(yè)健康監(jiān)護(hù)、職業(yè)衛(wèi)生管理、工作場所清潔及廢棄物處理要求、應(yīng)急救援。
[Abstract]:Lead-acid battery is a kind of electrical and chemical equipment that can store and release electric energy. It is also the most widely used type of battery in all kinds of batteries in the world. With the rapid development of China's economy, the clean energy generation industry, such as transportation, mobile communication, solar energy and so on, has entered a rapid development period, so the lead-acid battery industry is also the one. The lead-acid battery industry has become a local pillar industry and plays a great role in local development. However, the lead acid battery industry, while constantly creating social wealth, produces health hazards and surrounding rings caused by lead contaminated contaminants produced in the production process. The pollution of the border has gradually emerged.
Therefore, in order to reduce the incidence of lead poisoning in the occupational population to the greatest extent, improve the environment around the lead-acid battery enterprises and master the migration path and regularity of lead pollution, this study investigates the occupational hazard status of the typical lead-acid battery enterprises in Jiangsu province and the influence on the surrounding environment, and establishes "the lead-acid storage power storage" in Jiangsu province. "Pool enterprise occupational hazards prevention technical specification" provides effective basis.
Part I: Investigation on occupational hazards in typical lead-acid battery enterprises in Jiangsu
Objective to investigate the occupational hazard status of typical lead-acid battery enterprises in Jiangsu Province, and to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and control of lead hazards in lead-acid battery industry and the formulation of technical standards for occupational hazard protection in lead-acid battery enterprises in Jiangsu.
Methods according to the relevant national standards and standards, the occupational hazard factors in the production process of the lead-acid battery enterprises were identified, analyzed and evaluated by the field survey of occupational hygiene, field detection and evaluation.
Results the main occupational hazard factors produced in the production process of typical lead-acid battery enterprises in Jiangsu were lead smoke, lead dust, noise and so on. The excessive rate of lead workers involved in the individual sampling was 83.3%, the rate of excessive noise detection was 100%, the rate of lead smoke in the fixed sampling was 84.2%, the excess rate of noise detection was 50%, and the occupational health examination blood lead water. The total number of people up to above 400 mu g/L accounted for 15.3% of the total number of people; the extreme plate production posts, the blood lead rate of the staff in the welding posts were up to 34.1% and 26.2%, and the occupational disease protection facilities in some workplaces were not perfect and reasonable; some staff did not wear personal protective supplies according to the requirements.
Conclusion the occupational hazards of the typical lead-acid battery enterprises in Jiangsu can not be ignored. The excessive lead in lead occupational population is more serious. It is necessary to take effective measures to prevent and control occupational hazards.
The second part: the survey of lead pollution level in typical lead-acid battery enterprises in Jiangsu province.
Objective to investigate the influence of the typical lead-acid battery enterprises in Jiangsu on the surrounding environment, and to provide an effective basis for the improvement of the environment and the technical specification for occupational hazard protection of the lead-acid battery enterprises in Jiangsu.
Methods according to the relevant national standards and norms, environmental samples were collected and detected outside the enterprise (above, downwind to different distances).
Results the median of soil lead content in the lower wind direction is obviously higher than that in the upper wind direction (P 0.05), and the superstandard rate of the soil in the surface soil and the plant root is 3.45%, 14.29% respectively. The excess rate of the water samples in the enterprise is 16.67% and 100%, respectively, while the water samples in the enterprise are not exceeding the standard, and the median of the air lead content in the operating area is significantly higher than that of the administration. Area (P=0.033); there is no significant difference between the median of air lead content in the upper air direction and the lower wind direction (P=0.148); in the enterprise, the excess rate of outer space gas samples is 28.57%, 75% respectively; the median of lead in the operating area and the lower wind direction are significantly higher than that in the administrative area, the upward wind direction (P =0.015 and P=0.047); the lead content of the environmental samples (soil, air and plant) The fluctuation of the lead content of the environment samples at each point in the upper wind direction is relatively small, and the distribution curve of the lower wind direction is decreasing (especially the lead content within 200m decreases sharply).
Conclusion the enterprise has a certain degree of pollution to the surrounding environment. It is necessary to take effective measures to prevent and control lead pollution.
The third part: the formulation of technical regulations for occupational hazards protection in Jiangsu lead-acid battery enterprises.
Objective to formulate the first draft of the technical code for occupational hazard protection of Jiangsu lead-acid battery enterprises, and provide the basis for the occupational health management and occupational health supervision of the lead-acid battery enterprises in our province.
Methods under the overall guidance of the occupational disease prevention and control law of People's Republic of China, according to the investigation results of the occupational hazards and the surrounding environment of the typical lead-acid battery enterprises in Jiangsu Province, the information obtained from the field investigation and visit of several lead-acid battery enterprises in recent years is strictly in accordance with the relevant state. Standards and specifications are written and formulated.
The results completed the first draft of the technical code for occupational hazard protection of Jiangsu lead-acid battery enterprises, including the following aspects: scope, standard reference documents, terminology and definition, basic requirements, occupational health engineering protection measures, sanitary requirements for equipment maintenance, hygiene requirements for personal protective supplies, and monitoring of occupational hazards in the workplace, Occupational health surveillance, occupational health management, workplace cleanliness and waste disposal requirements, emergency rescue.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：R13;X508

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本文編號(hào)：1801350