本文選題：鉛 + 鎘�。� 參考：《中南大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的研究鉛、鎘、砷對肝臟和腎臟損害的聯(lián)合作用,并探索新的評價方法,為鉛、鎘、砷混合暴露及其肝腎損害的評價提供科學(xué)依據(jù),.為化學(xué)物混合暴露的生物效應(yīng)指標(biāo)的聯(lián)合作用評價提供新思路。 方法配制醋酸鉛、氯化鎘和三氧化二砷染毒飲用水,通過飲水單獨(dú)和混合染毒,連續(xù)80d。收集尿和血等樣品,測定肝損傷指標(biāo)AST、 ALT和腎損傷指標(biāo)尿β2-MG、NAG、MT水平；電鏡觀察腎臟超微結(jié)構(gòu)改變。以析因分析和凈效應(yīng)評價法判斷三種金屬的聯(lián)合作用類型。 結(jié)果鉛、鎘、砷染毒均可使大鼠腎臟臟器系數(shù)增大；鎘可明顯引起AST升高；砷對腎小管的損傷強(qiáng)于鉛、鎘；鉛、鎘、砷均對腎小球產(chǎn)生損傷,鉛、鎘對腎小球的損傷較明顯。鉛鎘聯(lián)合對ALT、 AST/ALT、血和尿β。-MG及尿MT水平表現(xiàn)為相加作用；對AST和尿NAG為拮抗作用。鉛砷聯(lián)合對AST、ALTAST/ALT、血和尿β2-MG、尿NAG及尿MT表現(xiàn)為相加作用。鎘砷聯(lián)合對AST、ALT、血p2-MG及尿NAG表現(xiàn)為相加作用；對AST/ALT、尿β2-MG及尿MT為拮抗作用。鉛鎘砷聯(lián)合對AST、ALT、血β2-MG及尿NAG表現(xiàn)為相加作用；對AST/ALT及尿β2-MG為拮抗作用；對尿MT為協(xié)同作用。電鏡結(jié)果顯示,染鉛組、染鎘組、染砷組、鉛鎘砷聯(lián)合染毒組腎臟受到不同程度的損傷,細(xì)胞凋亡水平逐漸加重。 結(jié)論鉛、鎘、砷均可引起SD大鼠肝臟和腎臟的損傷；鉛鎘砷之間聯(lián)合對肝、腎功能指標(biāo)影響大多表現(xiàn)為相加作用,少數(shù)為協(xié)同或拮抗作用。圖8幅,表9個,參考文獻(xiàn)64篇。
[Abstract]:Objective to study the combined effects of lead, cadmium and arsenic on liver and kidney damage, and to explore a new evaluation method to provide scientific basis for the combined exposure of lead, cadmium and arsenic and the assessment of liver and kidney damage.It provides a new idea for the combined action evaluation of biological effect index of chemical mixed exposure.Methods drinking water exposed to lead acetate, cadmium chloride and arsenic trioxide was prepared by drinking water alone and mixed for 80 days.Urine and blood samples were collected, liver injury indexes AST, ALT and urinary 尾 2-MGG NAGN MT were measured, and ultrastructural changes of kidney were observed by electron microscope.The combined action types of three metals were judged by factorial analysis and net effect evaluation.Results the renal organ coefficient of rats was increased by exposure to lead, cadmium and arsenic, and AST was significantly increased by cadmium. The damage of arsenic to renal tubules was stronger than that of lead, cadmium, and arsenic. The damage of lead, cadmium and arsenic to glomeruli was more obvious than that of lead and cadmium.The combined effects of lead and cadmium on alt, AST / alt, blood and urine 尾 .-MG and urinary MT levels were additive and antagonistic to AST and urinary NAG.The combined effects of lead and arsenic on alt / alt, 尾 _ 2-MG, NAG and MT in blood and urine were found to be additive.The combined effects of cadmium and arsenic on alt, serum p2-MG and urinary NAG were additive, and antagonistic to AST / alt, urinary 尾 2-MG and urinary MT.The combination of lead, cadmium and arsenic had additive effects on serum 尾 2-MG and urinary NAG, antagonistic effect on AST/ALT and urinary 尾 2-MG, and synergistic effect on urinary MT.The results of electron microscope showed that the kidney of lead group, cadmium group, arsenic group and lead cadmium arsenic combined group suffered different degrees of damage and the apoptosis level increased gradually.Conclusion lead, cadmium and arsenic can all cause liver and kidney damage in SD rats, and the effects of the combination of lead, cadmium and arsenic on liver and renal function are mostly additive, and a few are synergistic or antagonistic.There are 8 figures, 9 tables and 64 references.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：R114

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