甘肅省天水市餐飲及住宿場(chǎng)所控制吸煙現(xiàn)況研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-14 02:22
本文選題：控?zé)?/strong> + 二手煙暴露�。� 參考：《蘭州大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文
【摘要】：目的： 通過(guò)對(duì)甘肅省天水市餐飲、住宿類(lèi)公共場(chǎng)所開(kāi)展吸煙狀況、禁煙標(biāo)志設(shè)置及禁煙管理宣傳情況和經(jīng)營(yíng)業(yè)主、服務(wù)人員及顧客對(duì)禁煙認(rèn)知、態(tài)度和行為、禁煙勸阻用語(yǔ)使用等現(xiàn)狀調(diào)查,為研究建立室內(nèi)公共場(chǎng)所禁止吸煙的衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督管理工作模式提供可靠的數(shù)據(jù)依據(jù),有效推進(jìn)室內(nèi)公共場(chǎng)所禁止吸煙工作的深入開(kāi)展。 方法： 研究采用現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀察、問(wèn)卷調(diào)查和訪(fǎng)談三種方法,通過(guò)分層隨機(jī)抽樣,從甘肅省天水市的餐飲場(chǎng)所、住宿場(chǎng)所中抽取100家餐飲場(chǎng)所和100家住宿場(chǎng)所進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀察,并分別對(duì)兩場(chǎng)所內(nèi)的5名經(jīng)營(yíng)業(yè)主和5名服務(wù)人員進(jìn)行訪(fǎng)談,對(duì)兩場(chǎng)所內(nèi)的100位工作人員和110位消費(fèi)顧客進(jìn)行攔截問(wèn)卷調(diào)查。 結(jié)果： (1)餐飲場(chǎng)所研究結(jié)果 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀察發(fā)現(xiàn),16%餐飲場(chǎng)所全面禁煙,59%的場(chǎng)所內(nèi)張貼禁煙警語(yǔ)或標(biāo)識(shí)；8%的場(chǎng)所設(shè)有室外吸煙區(qū)；7%的場(chǎng)所設(shè)置有關(guān)吸煙危害健康的宣傳；69%的場(chǎng)所銷(xiāo)售卷煙,75%的場(chǎng)所內(nèi)擺放煙具,67%的場(chǎng)所存在煙蒂,87%的場(chǎng)所在觀察期間有吸煙現(xiàn)象,其中發(fā)現(xiàn)有勸阻行為的僅占5.75%。 問(wèn)卷調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,69%的工作人員完全不知曉衛(wèi)生部《公共場(chǎng)所衛(wèi)生管理?xiàng)l例實(shí)施細(xì)則》第十八條的禁煙規(guī)定,25%的工作人員接受過(guò)本單位的控?zé)熍嘤?xùn)；82%的工作人員贊同餐飲場(chǎng)所全面禁煙；被調(diào)查者無(wú)一人認(rèn)為場(chǎng)所禁煙會(huì)提高營(yíng)業(yè)收入,且性別、年齡、受教育程度、自身吸煙狀況、場(chǎng)所信譽(yù)等級(jí)認(rèn)知上的差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05)。 88.18%的顧客認(rèn)為二手煙能導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重疾病,82.73%的就餐顧客有過(guò)暴露于二手煙的經(jīng)歷,89.47%的吸煙顧客表示被他人勸阻會(huì)立即停止吸煙；在主動(dòng)勸阻他人吸煙行為的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),女性的勸阻率高于男性(P0.05),非吸煙者勸阻率高于吸煙者(P0.05)；不同性別、年齡和吸煙狀況的顧客在就餐場(chǎng)所意向選擇上存在差異(P0.05)；80.91%的顧客對(duì)餐飲場(chǎng)所全面禁煙表示支持,62.73%的顧客從未聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)《公共場(chǎng)所衛(wèi)生管理?xiàng)l例實(shí)施細(xì)則》第十八條的禁煙規(guī)定,非吸煙者對(duì)該《細(xì)則》的認(rèn)知度高于吸煙者(P0.05),且性別、年齡、受教育程度對(duì)其認(rèn)知上的差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05)。 訪(fǎng)談結(jié)果顯示,40%的服務(wù)人員表示在過(guò)去的七天內(nèi),有暴露于二手煙的經(jīng)歷。40%的服務(wù)人員了解二手煙危害,但是對(duì)二手煙導(dǎo)致的具體臟器器官損害不了解。服務(wù)人員表示不勸阻吸煙現(xiàn)象的原因是擔(dān)心引起顧客的不快。多數(shù)業(yè)主愿意創(chuàng)建無(wú)煙餐飲場(chǎng)所,但擔(dān)心禁煙會(huì)降低營(yíng)業(yè)收入。 (2)住宿場(chǎng)所研究結(jié)果 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀察發(fā)現(xiàn),26.00%的場(chǎng)所全面禁煙,94.00%的場(chǎng)所內(nèi)張貼禁煙警語(yǔ)或標(biāo)識(shí)；4.00%的場(chǎng)所設(shè)有室外吸煙區(qū)；13.00%的場(chǎng)所設(shè)置有關(guān)吸煙危害健康的宣傳；13.00%的場(chǎng)所銷(xiāo)售卷煙,97%的場(chǎng)所內(nèi)擺放煙具,58.00%的場(chǎng)所存在煙蒂,56.00%的場(chǎng)所在觀察期間有吸煙現(xiàn)象,其中發(fā)現(xiàn)有勸阻行為的僅占8.93%。 問(wèn)卷調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,64%的工作人員完全不知曉衛(wèi)生部《公共場(chǎng)所衛(wèi)生管理?xiàng)l例實(shí)施細(xì)則》第十八條的禁煙規(guī)定,84%的工作人員贊同住宿場(chǎng)所完全禁煙,40%的工作人員接受過(guò)本單位的控?zé)熍嘤?xùn)；被調(diào)查者無(wú)一人認(rèn)為場(chǎng)所禁煙會(huì)提高營(yíng)業(yè)收入,且性別、年齡、受教育程度、自身吸煙狀況、場(chǎng)所信譽(yù)等級(jí)在認(rèn)知上的差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05)。 88.18%的顧客認(rèn)為二手煙能導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重疾病,94.55%的顧客有過(guò)暴露于二手煙的經(jīng)歷,90.70%的吸煙顧客表示被勸阻會(huì)立即停止吸煙；在主動(dòng)勸阻他人吸煙行為的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),女性的勸阻率高于男性(P0.05),非吸煙者勸阻率高于吸煙者(P0.05)；不同性別和吸煙狀況的顧客在住宿場(chǎng)所意向選擇上存在差異(P0.05)；83.64%的顧客對(duì)住宿場(chǎng)所全面禁煙表示支持,55.45%的顧客從未聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)《公共場(chǎng)所衛(wèi)生管理?xiàng)l例實(shí)施細(xì)則》第十八條的禁煙規(guī)定,且性別、年齡、受教育程度、自身吸煙狀況對(duì)其認(rèn)知上的差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05)。 訪(fǎng)談結(jié)果顯示,80%的場(chǎng)所服務(wù)人員表示在過(guò)去的七天內(nèi),有暴露于二手煙的經(jīng)歷。80%的服務(wù)人員了解二手煙危害,并且知曉二手煙會(huì)導(dǎo)致呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病和肺部疾�。环⻊�(wù)人員表示不勸阻吸煙現(xiàn)象的原因是擔(dān)心引起顧客的不快；多數(shù)業(yè)主愿意創(chuàng)建無(wú)煙住宿場(chǎng)所,但擔(dān)心禁煙會(huì)降低營(yíng)業(yè)收入。 結(jié)論： ,(1)餐飲、住宿業(yè)場(chǎng)所普遍缺乏有效的控?zé)煷胧?全面禁煙的比例較低； (2)針對(duì)餐飲、住宿業(yè)工作人員開(kāi)展的控?zé)熤R(shí)培訓(xùn)覆蓋率較小； (3)餐飲、住宿業(yè)場(chǎng)所自行規(guī)定的禁煙政策不能解決二手煙暴露問(wèn)題； (4)公眾對(duì)餐飲、住宿類(lèi)場(chǎng)所全面禁煙存在誤解； (5)餐飲、住宿業(yè)場(chǎng)所公眾對(duì)二手煙具體危害認(rèn)知度較低,顧客、服務(wù)人員拒絕二手煙的社會(huì)風(fēng)氣沒(méi)有形成； (6)餐飲、住宿業(yè)場(chǎng)所全面禁煙符合大多數(shù)顧客的意愿和需求。
[Abstract]:Objective:
Through to the Gansu province Tianshui catering, accommodation in public places to carry out smoking status, smoking and non-smoking signs set management and publicity business owners, service personnel and customers for smoking cognition, attitude and behavior survey of smoking to discourage usage so as to provide reliable data for the study of establishment of indoor smoking bans in public places health supervision and management the work mode, effectively promote the indoor smoking bans in public places to carry out.
Method:
By field observation, questionnaires and interviews with three methods, by stratified random sampling from Gansu Province, Tianshui dining, accommodation in selected 100 catering establishments and 100 hotels were observed, and were on the two in 5 business owners and 5 staff members were interviewed, 100 the staff of the two in and 110 customers to intercept survey.
Result:
(1) research results of food and beverage places
We observed 16% dining spaces non-smoking places in 59%, put up non-smoking places or warning signs; 8% is provided with an outdoor smoking area; 7% of the locations of the health hazards of smoking propaganda; 69% places selling cigarettes, 75% sites placed in the presence of 67% smoking, cigarette butts, 87% places the phenomenon of smoking during the observation period, which found to discourage behavior accounted for only 5.75%.
Survey results show that 69% of staff are completely unaware of the Ministry of health regulations "public health management rules for the implementation of article eighteenth of the smoking ban, 25% staff received the tobacco control units training; 82% of the staff agree with dining places smoke-free; respondents who think that no smoking will increase business income, and gender, age, level of education, their smoking status, there was no significant difference on the cognitive place credit rating (P0.05).
88.18% of the customers that secondhand smoke can cause serious diseases, 82.73% dining customers have been exposed to secondhand smoke, 89.47% of customers said by others would discourage smoking immediately stop smoking; others found in the survey initiative to discourage smoking behavior, the rate is higher than the male female dissuade (P0.05), non smokers discourage rate higher than smokers (P0.05); different gender, different age and smoking status of the customers in the dining venues intention selection (P0.05); 80.91% of the customers expressed support for the dining place a total ban on smoking, 62.73% of consumers have never heard of the eighteenth rules for the implementation of the smoking bans said public health management Ordinance ", the" rules of recognition non smokers than in smokers (P0.05), and the gender, age, level of education had no significant differences on the cognition of the (P0.05).
The interview results showed that 40% of the staff said that in the past seven days, are exposed to secondhand smoke through.40% service personnel to understand the dangers of secondhand smoke, but the specific organs damage lead to second-hand smoke do not understand. Service staff said not to discourage smoking phenomenon is caused by fear of unhappy customers. The majority of owners to create smoke-free restaurants, but worried that smoking will reduce operating income.
(2) research results of accommodation
We observed 26% places smoke-free, 94% places in the post no smoking places or warning signs; the 4% is provided with an outdoor smoking area; 13% of the locations of the health hazards of smoking propaganda; 13% places selling cigarettes, 97% sites placed in the presence of 58% smoking, cigarette butts, 56% places the phenomenon of smoking during the observation period, which found to discourage behavior accounted for only 8.93%.
Survey results show that 64% of staff are completely unaware of the Ministry of health regulations "public health management rules for the implementation of article eighteenth of the smoking ban, 84% staff with accommodation completely smoke-free, 40% of the staff received the tobacco control training unit; no respondents who think that smoking will increase sales income, and gender, age, level of education, their smoking status, there was no significant difference in cognition of credit rating sites (P0.05).
88.18% of the customers that secondhand smoke can cause serious diseases, 94.55% of customers have been exposed to secondhand smoke, 90.70% of customers said smoking is discouraged will immediately stop smoking; found in the survey initiative to discourage others from smoking, women discourage rate is higher than male (P0.05), non smokers was higher than smokers (P0.05) discouraged there are differences; different gender and smoking status in the customer accommodation choice intention (P0.05); 83.64% of the customers expressed support for accommodation non-smoking, 55.45% of consumers have never heard of article eighteenth of the rules for the implementation of the smoking ban, "said the public health management and gender, age, level of education, their smoking status no statistically significant differences on the cognition on (P0.05).
The interview results showed that 80% of the ground service personnel said that in the past seven days, are exposed to secondhand smoke through.80% service personnel to understand and know the dangers of secondhand smoke, secondhand smoke causes respiratory diseases and lung diseases; service personnel said not to discourage smoking phenomenon is caused by fear of unhappy customers most; the owners are willing to create smoke-free accommodation, but worried that smoking will reduce operating income.
Conclusion:
(1) there is a general lack of effective measures for tobacco control in restaurants, and the proportion of total smoking ban is low.
(2) in view of catering, the coverage rate of tobacco control knowledge training carried out by the staff of the accommodation industry is small.
(3) the problem of exposure of second-hand smoke can not be solved by the policy of self-contained prohibition of smoking in the accommodation industry.
(4) public misunderstanding of the overall smoking ban in restaurants and lodging places;
(5) the public awareness of the specific hazards of secondhand smoke is low in catering and accommodation, and the social atmosphere of refusing second-hand smoke by the service staff has not been formed.
(6) catering, the overall ban on smoking in the accommodation industry is in line with the wishes and needs of most customers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R163
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