本文選題：職業(yè)病　切入點(diǎn)：工傷認(rèn)定　出處：《華中師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：職業(yè)病是近年來(lái)逐漸深入人們視野的一個(gè)字眼。這一問(wèn)題在我國(guó)出現(xiàn)的案例也是紛繁復(fù)雜。但就我國(guó)目前企業(yè)職工職業(yè)病救濟(jì)的程序與方式等來(lái)看,還存在著許多問(wèn)題。文章擬從以下四個(gè)方面對(duì)職業(yè)病救濟(jì)的相關(guān)法律問(wèn)題進(jìn)行探討。 第一部分,企業(yè)職工職業(yè)病救濟(jì)的法理依據(jù)。首先,不論相對(duì)于用人單位、以前處于健康狀態(tài)的自己和其他職工,還是依其自身的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況來(lái)看,患職業(yè)病的職工都是的弱者,對(duì)弱者進(jìn)行傾斜保護(hù)是法律的基本精神。其次,職業(yè)病的出現(xiàn)會(huì)對(duì)患者自身身體健康和心理健康以及職工家人的心理健康都帶來(lái)較大的損害,對(duì)其進(jìn)行救濟(jì)是保障公民健康權(quán)原則的要求。第三,職工為企業(yè)創(chuàng)造利潤(rùn),卻因此而患上職業(yè)病,企業(yè)作為利潤(rùn)的享有者必須承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的對(duì)職工進(jìn)行救濟(jì)的義務(wù),這是企業(yè)承擔(dān)社會(huì)責(zé)任的體現(xiàn),也是權(quán)利義務(wù)對(duì)等原則的要求。第四,法的正義價(jià)值要求揚(yáng)善抑惡,職工患職業(yè)病是因?yàn)闉槠髽I(yè)付出的勞動(dòng),并且職工本身和家庭生活往往會(huì)遭受毀滅性的打擊,由國(guó)家對(duì)這種權(quán)利的救濟(jì)給予強(qiáng)制性保障是法律正義價(jià)值的要求。最后,職業(yè)病是整個(gè)國(guó)際社會(huì)都非常關(guān)注的難題。國(guó)際勞工組織修訂職業(yè)病目錄并頒布《職業(yè)安全與衛(wèi)生公約》等法律文件,美、日、英等國(guó)也設(shè)置包括財(cái)產(chǎn)罰和自由罰的不同幅度的刑事責(zé)任,來(lái)保障患職業(yè)病職工的權(quán)益。對(duì)我國(guó)患職業(yè)病的職工進(jìn)行救濟(jì)也是順應(yīng)國(guó)際潮流和趨勢(shì)的。 第二部分,企業(yè)職工職業(yè)病的認(rèn)定。首先,診斷機(jī)構(gòu)的合理設(shè)置是正確科學(xué)認(rèn)定的前提。職業(yè)病診斷機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)置應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循專業(yè)性、中立性以及層級(jí)限制和地域限制的基本原則。《職業(yè)病診斷與鑒定管理辦法(修訂征求意見(jiàn)稿)》的相關(guān)規(guī)定對(duì)于職業(yè)病診斷機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)置進(jìn)行了完善。包括要求向社會(huì)公布本行政區(qū)域內(nèi)職業(yè)病診斷機(jī)構(gòu)名單和根據(jù)需要指定條件符合的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)依法承擔(dān)職業(yè)病診斷工作。但是,筆者認(rèn)為對(duì)于一些具有權(quán)威且具備相關(guān)技術(shù)條件的非法定鑒定機(jī)構(gòu)的鑒定結(jié)果可以作為特殊情況下的補(bǔ)充,也可以作為對(duì)法定診斷機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行考評(píng)和監(jiān)督的一項(xiàng)考察指標(biāo)。其次,職業(yè)病認(rèn)定的依據(jù)。現(xiàn)行的法定職業(yè)病的種類應(yīng)包括《關(guān)于印發(fā)職業(yè)病目錄的通知》中規(guī)定的共10大類115種職業(yè)病。最后,是認(rèn)定的程序和期限。認(rèn)定的程序包括職業(yè)病診斷(職業(yè)病診斷鑒定)、工傷認(rèn)定和勞動(dòng)能力鑒定。確定救濟(jì)方式的程序則包括協(xié)商、調(diào)解、仲裁和訴訟。 第三部分,企業(yè)職工職業(yè)病救濟(jì)的具體措施。首先,經(jīng)鑒定患職業(yè)病的職工已經(jīng)參加工傷社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)的,可以根據(jù)受損害程度享受相應(yīng)的工傷保險(xiǎn)待遇,對(duì)于職工未獲賠償其他權(quán)利則由用人單位進(jìn)行賠償。其次,用人單位應(yīng)保障換職業(yè)病職工享有換崗權(quán)。再次,用人單位還應(yīng)對(duì)患職業(yè)病職工的后期生活提供保障。最后,特殊情況下的責(zé)任應(yīng)由相關(guān)的用人單位公平分配。 第四部分,職業(yè)病救濟(jì)的政府責(zé)任和除外情形。首先,政府應(yīng)當(dāng)做好職業(yè)病宣傳,提高公眾的防范意識(shí)；嚴(yán)格監(jiān)督企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)環(huán)境,保障安全的工作環(huán)境；給實(shí)力較弱且保障安全生產(chǎn)環(huán)境負(fù)擔(dān)較重的生產(chǎn)企業(yè)提供必要的資金扶持。其次,當(dāng)患職業(yè)病的職工存在違反工作程序?qū)е禄悸殬I(yè)病、拒不接受勞動(dòng)能力鑒定和拒絕接受職業(yè)病治療的情況時(shí),應(yīng)當(dāng)免除用人單位對(duì)其進(jìn)行救濟(jì)的責(zé)任。
[Abstract]:Occupation disease is a word in recent years gradually deepening people's horizons. These problems appear in our case is complicated. But China's current enterprise staff occupation disease relief procedures and methods, there are still many problems. This article intends to remedy legal issues related to occupation disease from the following four aspects carries on the discussion.
The first part, the legal basis for enterprise workers occupation disease relief. First, compared with the employing unit, the time when he is healthy and other workers, or according to their own economic situation, suffering from disease occupation workers are weak, the weak tilt protection is the basic spirit of the law. Secondly, there occupation disease of the patient's own health and mental health workers and family mental health have great harm, the remedy is to protect the citizens' health right principle. Third, the staff to create profit for the enterprise, therefore it is suffering from occupation disease, as the receiver of the profit enterprises must undertake corresponding to the obligation of relief workers, this is a manifestation of corporate social responsibility, the principle of equal rights and obligations and requirements. In fourth, the justice value of law requirements of good and evil, is for workers suffering from occupation disease Pay for the labor, and the worker and his family often suffer a devastating blow to the right to relief by the national security law is given mandatory justice requirements. Finally, occupation disease is a problem of the international community are very concerned. The International Labour Organization revised and promulgated the "occupation occupation disease directory security and health convention" and other legal documents, the United States, Japan, Britain and other countries also set up including property penalty and freedom penalty in different range of criminal responsibility, to protect the interests of workers suffering from occupation disease. The relief also complies with the international trend of our country with occupation disease workers.
The second part, identification of occupation disease enterprise workers. First, setting up reasonable diagnosis mechanism is the premise of the scientific recognition. The correct diagnosis of the disease mechanism of occupation should be guided by professional, neutrality and regional restrict. The basic principle of occupation disease diagnosis and appraisal management approach (Revised Draft) "the relevant provisions the mechanism for the diagnosis of occupation disease settings were perfect. Including the published list within the administrative area of occupation disease diagnosis to the society and institutions according to the medical and health institutions need to specify conditions in accordance with the occupation disease diagnosis according to the fault bear work. But I think for some authoritative and non statutory accreditation bodies have the identification results of the related technical conditions can be used as a supplement in special situation, also can be used as an index for evaluation and supervision of the legal institutions diagnosis. Secondly, occupation disease The basis for finding the types of legal occupation disease should include provisions on the current < Directory > notice issued occupation disease in the total of 10 major categories of 115 kinds of occupation disease. Finally, is the identification procedures and deadlines. Identification procedures including occupation disease diagnosis (identification and diagnosis of occupation disease), identification of work-related injury and determine the ability to work. The way of relief programs including negotiation, mediation, arbitration and litigation.
The third part, the specific measures of enterprise workers occupation disease relief. First of all, identified with occupation disease workers have participated in the social insurance of industrial injury, can according to the degree of damage and enjoy the corresponding treatment of inductrial injury insurance, workers compensation for other rights by the employer for compensation. Secondly, the employer shall guarantee for occupation sick employees enjoy changing rights. Thirdly, the employer should also suffer from disease in later life occupation workers to provide protection. Finally, the responsibility of special circumstances should be related with the fair distribution of units.
The fourth part, occupation disease relief of government responsibility and exceptions. First of all, the government should do the occupation disease propaganda, raise public awareness of prevention; strict supervision of enterprise production environment, ensure a safe working environment; to the production enterprises weaker and ensure safe production environment relatively heavy burden to provide the necessary financial support. Secondly, when workers are suffering from occupation disease resulting from occupation disease in violation of work procedures, refused to accept the labor ability appraisal and refused to accept the occupation disease treatment situation, should be exempt from the liability relief to the units.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D922.5;R13

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