發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-14 03:43

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 生物電阻抗分析法 體成分 兒童青少年 肥胖　出處：《大連醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：目的： 體成分是指人體的總重量中所含不同身體成分的構(gòu)成比,主要包括體脂率、脂肪量、去脂體重、肌肉量、骨量和體內(nèi)水分率等。兒童青少年處于生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育期,因此體成分也呈現(xiàn)動(dòng)態(tài)變化的趨勢(shì)。體成分的構(gòu)成比例在一定程度上反映了多種因素的綜合影響,例如：年齡、性別、區(qū)域、種族、生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育、營(yíng)養(yǎng)水平、經(jīng)濟(jì)水平及體育鍛煉等。本研究旨在探討大連地區(qū)兒童青少年體成分的發(fā)育規(guī)律、特點(diǎn),了解大連兒童青少年體成分狀況,進(jìn)而為其健康生長(zhǎng)提供科學(xué)依據(jù),為指導(dǎo)其營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀況和制定保健措施提供參考,也為今后評(píng)價(jià)兒童青少年生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的動(dòng)態(tài)變化積累資料。 材料與方法： 本研究抽取大連市全日制小學(xué)2所、中學(xué)2所、高中1所,每個(gè)年級(jí)共抽取4個(gè)班,共2027名6-18歲兒童青少年,分別對(duì)身高、體重和生物電阻抗法身體成分進(jìn)行了測(cè)量。采用金屬人體坐高身高測(cè)量計(jì)測(cè)量身高,采用日本TANITA公司的MC-180型體成分測(cè)量?jī)x(生物電阻抗法)測(cè)定體重、體脂量(FM)、去脂體重(FFM)、體脂率(PBF)、骨量、肌肉量、BMI、體水分率及基礎(chǔ)代謝量等。以PBF判定超重及肥胖,超重：女性24%-30%,男性21%-25%；肥胖：女性30%,男性25%。將大連學(xué)生的身高及體重、體脂率、瘦體重分別與2000年大連男女學(xué)生、2005年廣州男女學(xué)生以及2005年北京男女學(xué)生進(jìn)行比較。 結(jié)果： 1.大連6-18歲男女學(xué)生的身高、體重、體脂率、脂肪量、去脂體重、肌肉量、骨量、BMI和基礎(chǔ)代謝量總體均隨年齡的增長(zhǎng)而增加,生長(zhǎng)曲線呈上升趨勢(shì)；體內(nèi)水分率隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而減少。其中體脂率、脂肪量及體內(nèi)水分率的生長(zhǎng)曲線出現(xiàn)兩次交叉,交叉均發(fā)生在11歲之前；去脂體重、基礎(chǔ)代謝量、肌肉量的生長(zhǎng)曲線在6-11歲呈平行發(fā)展趨勢(shì),骨量的生長(zhǎng)曲線在6-12歲間為一重疊曲線；上述指標(biāo)在11-12歲后生長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)差異明顯。 2.大連男女學(xué)生的肌肉量、去脂體重及基礎(chǔ)代謝量在所有年齡段均存在顯著性差,形態(tài)指標(biāo)及其他的體成分指標(biāo)在部分年齡段存在性差。 3.大連7-18歲男女學(xué)生的2012年身高、體重均比2000年有較大幅度的增長(zhǎng)。 4.大連7-18歲男女學(xué)生的體脂率、BMI高于廣州男女學(xué)生,瘦體重高于北京男女學(xué)生。 5.大連女學(xué)生肥胖檢出率為24.9%,男學(xué)生的肥胖檢出率為24.4%。 結(jié)論： 1.大連城市6-18歲兒童青少年體重、身高及體成分構(gòu)成比例符合兒童青少年生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育規(guī)律。 2.大連男女學(xué)生的肌肉量、去脂體重及基礎(chǔ)代謝量在所有年齡段均存在顯著性差,形態(tài)指標(biāo)、超重和肥胖構(gòu)成比及其他的體成分指標(biāo)在部分年齡段存在性差。 3.2012年的身高、體重指標(biāo)均高于2000年,存在時(shí)代差,說明學(xué)生營(yíng)養(yǎng)水平有所提高。 4.大連學(xué)生的體脂率、BMI及瘦體重分別高于廣州、北京,存在地區(qū)差異。 5.大連學(xué)生的肥胖檢出率明顯高于國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn),控制兒童肥胖形勢(shì)嚴(yán)峻。
[Abstract]:Objective:. Body composition refers to the composition ratio of different body components in the total weight of the human body, mainly including body fat rate, fat amount, fat free body weight, muscle mass, bone mass and body water content. Children and adolescents are in the period of growth and development. The proportion of body composition reflects to some extent the combined effects of many factors, such as age, sex, region, race, growth and development, nutritional level, etc. The purpose of this study was to explore the developmental law and characteristics of physical composition of children and adolescents in Dalian, to understand the status of physical composition of children and adolescents in Dalian, and to provide scientific basis for their healthy growth. In order to guide their nutritional status and make health care measures to provide a reference for the future evaluation of children and adolescents growth and development of dynamic changes in the accumulation of data. Materials and methods:. In this study, 2 whole-day primary schools, 2 middle schools and 1 senior high school in Dalian City were selected. A total of 2 027 children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years were selected for each grade. Body weight and body composition were measured by bioelectrical impedance method. Height was measured by metal sitting height meter, and body weight was measured by MC-180 type body composition measuring instrument (bioelectric impedance method) of TANITA Company of Japan. Body fat quantity: FFM, FFM, body fat rate, bone mass, muscle volume, body water content and basal metabolism, etc. Based on PBF, overweight and obesity are judged: female 24-30, male 21-25. obesity: female 30, male 25.The height and weight of Dalian students, body fat rate, The lean weight was compared with Dalian male and female students in 2000, Guangzhou male and female students in 2005 and Beijing male and female students in 2005. Results:. 1. The height, body weight, body fat rate, fat volume, fat-free weight, muscle mass, bone mass and basal metabolism of male and female students aged 6-18 years in Dalian all increased with the increase of age, and the growth curve showed an upward trend. The growth curve of body fat rate, fat content and body water rate is crossed twice, and the cross occurs before age 11. The growth curve of muscle mass showed a parallel development trend at 6-11 years old, and the growth curve of bone mass was an overlapping curve between 6-12 years old, and the growth trend of the above indexes was obviously different after 11-12 years old. 2. There were significant differences in muscle volume, fat-free body weight and basal metabolism of Dalian male and female students in all age groups, while morphological indexes and other body composition indexes were poor in some age groups. 3. In 2012, the height and weight of boys and girls aged 7-18 in Dalian increased significantly compared with 2000. 4. The body fat rate of male and female students aged 7 to 18 in Dalian was higher than that of Guangzhou male and female students, and the lean weight was higher than that of Beijing male and female students. 5. The obesity rate of Dalian female students was 24.9 and that of male students was 24.4. Conclusion:. 1. The weight, height and body composition of children aged 6-18 in Dalian city are in accordance with the growth and development law of children and adolescents. 2. There were significant differences in muscle volume, fat-free body weight and basal metabolism of Dalian male and female students in all age groups. The morphological indexes, overweight and obesity composition ratio and other body composition indexes were poor in some age groups. 3. The height and weight in 2012 were higher than those in 2000, which indicated that the nutritional level of the students was improved. 4. The BMI and lean weight of Dalian students were higher than those of Guangzhou and Beijing. 5. The prevalence rate of obesity among Dalian students is higher than that of national standard, and the situation of controlling obesity in children is serious.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：R179

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