本文關(guān)鍵詞： 散裝危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品船 裝載過(guò)程 苯揮發(fā)物 船員在船時(shí)間 危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域　出處：《大連海事大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品船舶在裝載過(guò)程中存在貨物跑、冒、滴、漏以及氣體揮發(fā)等現(xiàn)象,給船員人身生命健康帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重的安全隱患。海上運(yùn)輸?shù)奈ｋU(xiǎn)化學(xué)品中,苯及苯系物最為常見(jiàn),運(yùn)輸量巨大,且苯是最常用的化工原料,屬于Ⅰ級(jí)極度危害危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品,具有危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品的一般性質(zhì),因此選取苯裝載過(guò)程為研究對(duì)象具有代表性。首先,研究了危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品船舶裝載流程中揮發(fā)物產(chǎn)生的環(huán)節(jié),結(jié)合重氣理論,確定船舶裝載苯的過(guò)程中實(shí)驗(yàn)采樣點(diǎn)的位置。其次,根據(jù)苯的理化性質(zhì)及危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品船舶特點(diǎn),確定使用主動(dòng)采樣和被動(dòng)采樣相結(jié)合的方法進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)。然后,使用安捷倫氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用儀來(lái)制定標(biāo)線(xiàn)、分析氣體成分及濃度,對(duì)采集到的樣品進(jìn)行多次檢測(cè)求平均值,從風(fēng)速、溫度以及船員安全管理等方面,分析船舶裝載苯過(guò)程中影響揮發(fā)物濃度的原因,并得出采樣點(diǎn)中最高濃度。最后,從非患惡性腫瘤風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及患惡性腫瘤風(fēng)險(xiǎn)兩個(gè)方面評(píng)估了船舶裝載苯過(guò)程中揮發(fā)物質(zhì)對(duì)船員的危害程度,并確定船員在船工作時(shí)間年限;根據(jù)測(cè)得濃度結(jié)合高斯煙羽模型和PG模型進(jìn)行MATLAB仿真,得出船員工作區(qū)域的危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域范圍,為船員安全進(jìn)一步提供安全保障。實(shí)驗(yàn)證明,海船裝載苯過(guò)程中,揮發(fā)物包括以苯為主的芳香烴類(lèi)物質(zhì);苯及芳香烴化合物揮發(fā)物濃度與船員操作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化程度相關(guān);苯及芳香烴類(lèi)化合物對(duì)船員的傷害程度與船員在甲板暴露時(shí)間,尤其是危險(xiǎn)范圍的暴露時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短相關(guān);船員罹患惡性腫瘤的可能性不僅與甲板暴露時(shí)間相關(guān),還與危化品船舶工作年限相關(guān)。船員需嚴(yán)格按照標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化操作程序進(jìn)行貨物裝載;船員從事相關(guān)工作時(shí)間需要嚴(yán)格限制。
[Abstract]:In the course of loading dangerous chemicals ships have such phenomena as cargo running, running, dropping, leaking and gas volatilization, which bring serious safety risks to the life and health of crew members. Among the dangerous chemicals transported by sea, benzene and benzene series are the most common. Benzene is the most commonly used chemical raw material, which belongs to class I hazardous chemicals and has the general properties of hazardous chemicals. Therefore, benzene loading process is chosen as the representative research object. Based on the heavy gas theory, the location of the sampling points in the process of loading benzene is determined. Secondly, according to the physical and chemical properties of benzene and the characteristics of dangerous chemical ships, the formation of volatile matter in the loading process of dangerous chemicals is studied. It is determined that the method of combining active sampling with passive sampling will be used to carry out the experiment. Then, the Agilent Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) is used to draw up the marking lines, to analyze the gas composition and concentration, and to test the collected samples many times to get the average value. From the aspects of wind speed, temperature and crew safety management, this paper analyzes the reasons that affect the concentration of volatile matter in the process of loading benzene, and obtains the highest concentration in the sampling point. From the two aspects of the risk of non-malignant tumor and the risk of malignant tumor, the harm degree of volatile matter to the crew during the process of loading benzene was evaluated, and the working time of the crew was determined. According to the MATLAB simulation of Gao Si smoke plume model and PG model according to the measured concentration, the range of dangerous area of crew working area is obtained, which provides further safety guarantee for crew safety. Volatile substances include aromatic hydrocarbons, which are mainly benzene; the concentrations of benzene and aromatic compounds are related to the degree of standardization of crew operations; the degree of damage caused by benzene and aromatic hydrocarbons to the crew and the exposure time of the crew to the deck, In particular, the length of exposure to the hazardous range is related to the length of exposure; the probability of the crew suffering from malignant neoplasms is related not only to the exposure time of the deck, but also to the length of service of the dangerous chemicals vessel. The crew shall carry out cargo loading in strict accordance with the standardized operating procedures; The crew's working hours should be strictly limited.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R13;U698.3

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