本文關(guān)鍵詞： 青年腦力勞動(dòng)者 早餐 認(rèn)知能力 情緒　出處：《中國疾病預(yù)防控制中心》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：背景早餐被認(rèn)為是三餐中最重要的一餐。早餐所提供的能量和營養(yǎng)素不僅是保持身體健康的需要,也是維持大腦認(rèn)知能力的需要。研究早餐質(zhì)量對青年腦力勞動(dòng)者短期認(rèn)知能力的影響,并探討其相關(guān)機(jī)制,不僅有助于提高青年腦力勞動(dòng)者對早餐重要性的認(rèn)識,還可以減少因不吃早餐或早餐營養(yǎng)不良引起的認(rèn)知能力下降,從而保證身體健康,促進(jìn)工作效率的提高。目的采用三階段交叉設(shè)計(jì)研究,研究營養(yǎng)充分早餐、營養(yǎng)不充分早餐和不吃早餐,三種早餐模式對青年腦力勞動(dòng)者短期認(rèn)知能力和情緒的影響,為開展青年腦力勞動(dòng)者早餐教育工作提供策略和建議。對象與方法通過在沈陽和重慶兩地通過問卷調(diào)查和體格檢查募集278名合格的青年腦力勞動(dòng)者作為研究對象,并隨機(jī)分為三組(A組、B組、C組),每組44人。采用三階段交叉設(shè)計(jì)方法,每組研究對象分別接受營養(yǎng)充分早餐、營養(yǎng)不充分早餐和不吃早餐三種不同的早餐行為干預(yù)模式,其順序?yàn)锳→B→C,B→C→A,C→A→B。每周一次,連續(xù)三周,每個(gè)研究對象均接受三種不同的早餐模式,并在餐后2小時(shí)進(jìn)行相關(guān)認(rèn)知能力、情緒、飽腹感和血糖水平檢測。結(jié)果1.共募集研究對象278名,僅62.2%的研究對象每天吃早餐,女性每天吃早餐的比例高于男性(70.1% vs 53.7%)。早餐就餐地點(diǎn)前三位的依次是家里(46.4%)、單位食堂(21.9%)、路邊攤(18.3%)。青年腦力勞動(dòng)者不吃早餐原因依次為：沒時(shí)間吃(42.1%)、不想吃(23.0%)、習(xí)慣不吃(31.2%)、沒必要吃(5.8%)。只有1/3研究對象認(rèn)為早餐應(yīng)包含四類食物,相比而言認(rèn)為早餐中包含谷類食物和奶豆類的研究對象比例較高,分別為80.6%和81.7%；研究對象對于不吃早餐或吃不好早餐對健康的影響認(rèn)識還不夠全面,僅有70.5%的研究對象認(rèn)為早餐營養(yǎng)對健康影響很大;83.1%的研究對象選擇樂意參加營養(yǎng)健康飲食方面的知識講座,但仍有12.6%的研究對象不清楚自己是否樂意參加營養(yǎng)健康飲食方面知識講座。2.食用營養(yǎng)充分早餐的研究對象短期記憶力得分明顯高于食用營養(yǎng)不充分早餐和不吃早餐的研究對象[F(2,231)=19.33,P0.001]；食用營養(yǎng)充分早餐的女性研究對象數(shù)字符號測驗(yàn)得分明顯高于同性別不吃早餐的研究對象(Z=-2.83,P0.05)：食用營養(yǎng)充分早餐的研究對象IMC得分明顯高于不吃早餐組(363.01 vs327.92,P0.05)。兩兩分析發(fā)現(xiàn)食用營養(yǎng)充分早餐的研究對象錯(cuò)誤率明顯低于食用營養(yǎng)不充分早餐和不吃早餐的研究對象。本研究創(chuàng)造力和語言邏輯力測試在三種早餐模式干預(yù)間沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)明顯差異。3.充分早餐組研究對象積極情緒得分高于不充分早餐組和不吃早餐組,且與不吃早餐組差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,[F(2,231)=3.86,P0.05]；充分早餐組消極情緒得分低于不充分早餐組和不吃早餐組,但差異沒有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,[F(2,231)=1.29,P0.05]。接受三種早餐模式的研究對象早飽腹感得分具有顯著性差異[F(2,231)=71.24,P0.001]；且兩兩之間比較,差異也有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=3.8,P0.01)。研究對象空腹血糖水平?jīng)]有顯著性差異,餐后2小時(shí)血糖表現(xiàn)出顯著性差異(F(2,231)=9.57,P0.001)。結(jié)論營養(yǎng)充分早餐可以改善青年腦力勞動(dòng)者短期認(rèn)知能力,其可能機(jī)制是營養(yǎng)充分早餐在維持機(jī)體血糖水平穩(wěn)定方面發(fā)揮作用。此外,由于青年腦力勞動(dòng)者缺乏營養(yǎng)相關(guān)知識,對早餐的重視性還不夠。因此,應(yīng)盡快制定相關(guān)防控策略,出臺相應(yīng)的防控措施。
[Abstract]:The background of the breakfast is considered to be the most important meal of meals. Breakfast provides the energy and nutrients is not only the need to maintain health, but also need to maintain the brain cognitive ability. Effects of breakfast quality on young brainworkers short-term cognitive ability, and to explore the related mechanisms, not only helps to improve the young brainworkers understanding of the importance of breakfast, but also can reduce because they do not eat breakfast or breakfast malnutrition caused by cognitive decline, so as to ensure the health, promote the improvement of work efficiency. The three stage is the crossover design to study nutrition full breakfast, breakfast and insufficient nutrition, do not eat breakfast, breakfast of three youths the workers short-term cognitive and mood, provide strategies and suggestions for the development of youth mental breakfast education. Subjects and methods by Shen Yang Hezhong To celebrate the two through the questionnaire survey and physical examination to raise 278 qualified young white-collar workers as the research object, and randomly divided into three groups (A group, B group, C group), each group of 44 people. The cross design method of three stage, each group of subjects were receiving adequate nutrition breakfast, nutrition is not sufficient and no breakfast eat breakfast three different breakfast behavior intervention mode, the order of A, B, C, B, C, A, C, A, B. each week, for three weeks, all of the subjects received three different breakfast mode, and in 2 hours after meal were related to cognitive ability, emotion. Detection of satiety and blood sugar levels. Results 1. raised a total of 278 subjects, only 62.2% of the subjects every day to eat breakfast, eat breakfast daily for women than men (70.1% vs 53.7%). Breakfast at the top three in turn is home (46.4%), (21.9%), canteens (Roadside stalls 18.3%) youth. Mental workers do not eat breakfast reasons as follows: (42.1%) no time to eat, do not want to eat, do not eat habits (23%) (31.2%), no need to eat (5.8%). Only the 1/3 study that breakfast should include four kinds of food, compared with cereal and milk that contains beans the research object in the proportion of breakfast high, respectively 80.6% and 81.7%; the object of study for do not eat breakfast or eat breakfast is not good to the health effects of knowledge is not comprehensive, only 70.5% of the subjects think great influence on healthy breakfast nutrition; 83.1% of respondents choose to participate in the diet nutrition and health knowledge, happy, but there are still 12.6% of respondents do not aware of their willingness to study in nutrition and health food knowledge,.2. nutrition full breakfast short-term memory score was significantly higher than eating insufficient nutrition breakfast and do not eat breakfast [study F (2231) =19.33, P0.001]; female subject digital symbol test score was significantly higher than that of the full nutritional breakfast do not eat breakfast on the same sex object (Z=-2.83, P0.05): nutritional breakfast full IMC studied were significantly higher than those without breakfast group (363.01 vs327.92, 22 P0.05). The analysis indicated that the research object of edible adequate nutrition breakfast was significantly lower than the error rate is not sufficient nutritional breakfast and Breakfast study. The study of creativity and logic of language testing found no significant difference between.3. group of subjects full breakfast positive emotion score higher than inadequate group and do not eat breakfast breakfast group on three breakfast intervention, and do not eat the breakfast group, the difference was statistically significant, [F (2231) =3.86, P0.05]; full breakfast group negative mood score lower than full breakfast group and do not eat breakfast group, but no statistical difference Significance of [F, =1.29, P0.05]. (2231) accept the research object of three kinds of breakfast mode early satiety score has significant difference between [F (2231) =71.24, P0.001]; and the comparison between 22, there was also significant difference (t=3.8, P0.01). There was no significant difference in fasting blood glucose level of the research object, after the meal 2 hours blood glucose showed significant difference (F (2231) =9.57, P0.001). Conclusion nutritional breakfast can fully improve the young brainworkers short-term cognitive ability, the possible mechanism is sufficient nutrition breakfast play a role in maintaining the body's blood sugar levels stable. In addition, the young brainworkers lack of nutrition knowledge, pay attention to the breakfast is not enough. Therefore, should formulate relevant control strategies as soon as possible, the introduction of appropriate prevention and control measures.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國疾病預(yù)防控制中心
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：R151.41

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