本文關(guān)鍵詞：立位攝片時(shí)防護(hù)屏防護(hù)效果研究　出處：《蘇州大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 立位防護(hù)屏 立位攝片 劑量 防護(hù)效果

【摘要】：目的:研究立位攝片時(shí)使用立位防護(hù)屏的防護(hù)效果比較立位防護(hù)屏與X射線鉛橡膠性腺防護(hù)圍裙防護(hù)效果的差異研究立位防護(hù)屏對(duì)攝片工作效率的影響方法:1.體模攝片實(shí)驗(yàn)中模擬DR立位攝片時(shí)進(jìn)行防護(hù)干預(yù),未使用立位防護(hù)屏防護(hù)為對(duì)照組,使用立位防護(hù)屏防護(hù)為實(shí)驗(yàn)組,在攝片不同條件(90kV、500mA、63ms;86kV、500mA、50ms;78kV、500mA、32ms),通過束光器調(diào)整照射野,防護(hù)屏距DR平板不同的距離(0m.0.5m.1m)不同條件下曝光時(shí),使用Barracuda劑量檢測(cè)儀測(cè)量體模性腺部受到的X射線劑量值,比較不同防護(hù)距離和不同曝光條件下防護(hù)干預(yù)效果的差異。2.受檢者攝片實(shí)驗(yàn)中選取立位攝片胸部前后位受檢者進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn),通過使用熱釋光劑量計(jì)分組進(jìn)行立位防護(hù)屏防護(hù)與鉛橡膠性腺防護(hù)圍裙(簡(jiǎn)稱鉛圍裙)防護(hù)的X射線劑量檢測(cè)。選取肋骨檢查受檢者58人,分為A,B兩組,每組29人,A組使用鉛圍裙進(jìn)行防護(hù),B組使用立位防護(hù)屏緊貼受檢者進(jìn)行防護(hù)。使用熱釋光劑量計(jì)分別夾在鉛圍裙和立位防護(hù)屏鉛簾的受檢者側(cè)性腺部,攝片體位均為胸部前后位,DR攝片條件固定(76kV、500m A、32ms)。同共計(jì)曝光58次,檢測(cè)記錄熱釋光劑量計(jì)的劑量數(shù)值。3.效率研究中,使用秒表測(cè)量立位防護(hù)屏防護(hù)方式與使用鉛帽、鉛圍裙防護(hù)方式工作效率的差異。選取男性受檢者40名分成C、D兩組,C組使用鉛帽、鉛圍裙。D組使用立位防護(hù)屏。女性受檢者40名分成E、F兩組,E組使用鉛帽、鉛圍裙,F組使用立位防護(hù)屏。4.實(shí)驗(yàn)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理,體模實(shí)驗(yàn)與臨床驗(yàn)證數(shù)據(jù)均采用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,組間分析采用單因素方差分析,設(shè)定P0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,受檢者臨床驗(yàn)證分析采用兩獨(dú)立樣本的均數(shù)比較(t檢驗(yàn)),所用統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件均為SPSS 19.0。結(jié)果:體模實(shí)驗(yàn)組實(shí)驗(yàn)中,使用立位防護(hù)屏距體模不同距離進(jìn)行防護(hù)干預(yù),認(rèn)為在立位防護(hù)屏距體模距離小于5cm時(shí)此防護(hù)措施為接觸屏蔽,距體模距離大于10cm時(shí),依靠防護(hù)屏的投射陰影防護(hù)X射線的措施為陰影屏蔽,實(shí)驗(yàn)組測(cè)得接觸屏蔽劑量值在不同條件不同距離條件下均小于陰影屏蔽劑量值。體模對(duì)照組實(shí)驗(yàn)中,由于對(duì)體模不作任何防護(hù),只將DR束光器照射野調(diào)整至胸片架面積大小,對(duì)照組劑量值隨曝光條件的增大而增大。在立位防護(hù)屏緊貼體模防護(hù)的條件下,與無防護(hù)措施的對(duì)照組相比,78kV、86kV、90kV三組劑量分別下降100%、99.4%、98.5%,實(shí)驗(yàn)組對(duì)照組組間方差P0.05。說明在不同曝光參數(shù)和防護(hù)屏距體模不同距離的條件下,不同組間的防護(hù)效果具有顯著的差異,接觸屏蔽效果大于陰影屏蔽效果。受檢者劑量驗(yàn)證結(jié)果,使用SPSS19.0進(jìn)行A、B組t檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果:P=0.475,P0.05,說明對(duì)受檢者佩戴鉛圍裙與使用防護(hù)屏對(duì)性腺的防護(hù)效果相同。通過效率研究實(shí)驗(yàn),使用立位防護(hù)屏防護(hù)與使用鉛帽、鉛橡膠性腺防護(hù)圍裙防護(hù)的攝片工作效率相比,男性組攝片工作效率提高35.6%,女性組攝片效率提高32.7%。結(jié)論:立位防護(hù)屏防護(hù)效果有效,在低能X射線條件下,接觸屏蔽明顯大于陰影屏蔽的防護(hù)效果,立位防護(hù)屏防護(hù)效果優(yōu)于鉛防護(hù)圍裙,與傳統(tǒng)防護(hù)方法相比,使用立位防護(hù)屏防護(hù)的攝片時(shí)間可縮短至少30%以上。
[Abstract]:Objective: To study the difference of vertical photo films to use vertical shield protection effect of standing shield and X ray lead rubber apron gonadal protective effect of orthostatic shield effect on radiography work efficiency simulation methods: standing in for photo protective intervention DR 1. phantom radiography experiments. Without the use of vertical shielding for the control group, the use of vertical shielding for the experimental group, in the film in different conditions (90kV, 500mA, 63ms; 86kV, 50ms; 500mA, 78kV, 500mA, 32ms), by adjusting the collimator irradiation distance protective screen DR tablet with distance (0m.0.5m.1m) under different conditions of exposure, X ray dose Barracuda dose measurement phantom by gonadal value, the difference of.2. protective intervention effect comparison of different protection distance and under different exposure conditions of the subjects in the experimental X-ray radiography before and after the selection of legislative subjects into a chest For the experiment, orthostatic shielding and lead rubber apron gonads by using thermoluminescent dosimeters (referred to as packet lead apron) X ray dose detection and protection. Examination subjects chose ribs 58 people, divided into A, B two groups, each group of 29 people, A group used lead apron protection, B group standing subjects close to the protective screen for protection. The use of thermoluminescent dosimeters are respectively clamped in a lead apron and standing shield lead curtain 1691 lateral radiography of postural gonad, chest anteroposterior radiography, DR (76kV, 500m fixed A, 32ms) with the total exposure. 58, the heat release of.3. detection and recording efficiency in numerical dose dosimeter, using a stopwatch measuring orthostatic shielding and the use of lead lead apron protection cap, differences in work efficiency. Select male subjects 40 into C, D two groups, C group use lead cap, lead apron.D group the use of standing shield. Female Of the 40 subjects were divided into E, F two groups, E group use lead cap, lead apron, group F used orthostatic shield.4. test statistics, phantom experiment and clinical data were verified by the mean and standard deviation (x + s) said that the group analysis using single factor analysis of variance. Set P0.05 to the difference was statistically significant, the subjects of clinical validation analysis using two independent sample mean comparison (t test), the statistical software is SPSS 19.0. results: the phantom in the experimental group, the use of vertical shield protection intervention in different distance from the phantom in orthostatic shield from the phantom distance is less than 5cm the protective measures for contact shielding, from the phantom distance is greater than 10cm, depending on the shadow X ray protective screen protective measures for shadow mask, the experimental group measured contact shielding dose value shadow shielding dose was less than in the different conditions and the different distance values under phantom. The control group in the experiment, because no protection of the phantom, only DR collimator irradiation to chest frame size, dose value increases with the increase of exposure conditions of control. In vertical shield tight fitted mode protection conditions, compared with the control group, no protective measures 78kV 86kV 90kV, three doses were decreased by 100%, 99.4%, 98.5%, the experimental group and the control group in the P0.05. variance between different exposure parameters and protective screen distance phantom in different distance conditions, with significant differences between different groups of the protective effect, contact shielding effect is greater than the shadow shielding effect. The dose verification results the use of SPSS19.0, A, B group t test results: P=0.475, P0.05, description of the subjects wearing a lead apron and use of shielding effect on gonad is the same. By studying the experiment efficiency, the use of vertical shielding and the lead lead rubber cap Apron protection gland radiography work efficiency compared to male group radiography work efficiency increased by 35.6%, the female group radiography efficiency 32.7%. conclusion: orthostatic shielding effect, in the low energy X ray shielding conditions, contact is significantly greater than the shadow shield protection effect, vertical shielding effect is superior to the lead apron, compared with the traditional protection methods, the use of vertical shielding film shooting time can be shortened by at least 30%.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：R142

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本文編號(hào)：1416076