【摘要】： 近視是指眼在調(diào)節(jié)松弛的狀態(tài)下,平行光線經(jīng)過(guò)眼的屈光系統(tǒng)后在視網(wǎng)膜前形成焦點(diǎn)。在各年齡組人群中,以兒童的近視眼患病率最高,而且有呈愈演愈烈的趨勢(shì)。 近視的病因目前尚未完全明確,一般認(rèn)為有遺傳因素、發(fā)育因素和外界環(huán)境因素,或是三者的綜合結(jié)果。其中視近工作作為近視的重要外因,其考量指標(biāo)包括閱讀時(shí)間或從事其他近距離工作(看電視、用計(jì)算機(jī)等)的行為方式和周圍環(huán)境(如照明)。以外,飲食習(xí)慣等也被認(rèn)為是近視的間接外因。 研究目的：通過(guò)對(duì)該年齡段人群的現(xiàn)況調(diào)查,獲取該人群近視相關(guān)因素的資料以及屈光數(shù)據(jù),掌握近視的流行現(xiàn)況,探索可能的影響因素。 研究對(duì)象：上海市徐匯區(qū)4所小學(xué)、4所初中以及1所九年一貫制學(xué)校的6531名學(xué)生。 研究方法：包含問(wèn)卷調(diào)查和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)檢測(cè)。問(wèn)卷部分由學(xué)校的衛(wèi)生保健老師負(fù)責(zé)組織發(fā)放和回收。其中,高年級(jí)學(xué)生由本人填寫,低年級(jí)學(xué)生由班主任在召開家長(zhǎng)會(huì)后發(fā)給家長(zhǎng)帶回填寫。復(fù)旦大學(xué)附屬眼耳鼻喉科醫(yī)院的眼科專業(yè)人員攜帶儀器到負(fù)責(zé)對(duì)研究對(duì)象的視光學(xué)檢測(cè)。問(wèn)卷和檢測(cè)原始資料用SPSS建立數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),運(yùn)用SPSS軟件進(jìn)行分析。 結(jié)果： 1、通過(guò)對(duì)6～16歲的6465份調(diào)查表的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,在所調(diào)查的用眼和生活習(xí)慣指標(biāo)中,有13個(gè)指標(biāo)在不同年齡組中有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng),每天課余讀寫時(shí)間、學(xué)期中看電視和用電腦時(shí)間、寒暑假看電視和用電腦時(shí)間、每日室外活動(dòng)時(shí)間逐漸增加,每日睡眠時(shí)間逐漸減少；握筆姿勢(shì)、寫字體姿、眼與書本距離符合要求的比例有所提高；躺著閱讀和行走或乘車時(shí)看書的人數(shù)有所上升；作息趨于不規(guī)律。另有8調(diào)查指標(biāo)與性別相關(guān),其中：寫字時(shí)身體姿勢(shì)、行走或乘車時(shí)的看書習(xí)慣,男生均好于女生；用眼知識(shí)女生好于男生；女生課外補(bǔ)習(xí)時(shí)間多于男生；看電視、用電腦的時(shí)間,男生均多于女生；另外,男生偏好葷食,女生偏好素食。 2、研究對(duì)象的近視患病率達(dá)50.4%,其中小學(xué)生為43.3%,初中生為70.8%。初中生視力低于小學(xué)生(P0.01),女生視力值略低于男生,但近視程度間無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。 3、閱讀姿勢(shì)、眼與書本距離、行走時(shí)閱讀、課余讀寫時(shí)間、用電腦時(shí)間、作息是否規(guī)律、睡眠時(shí)間均與近視程度有關(guān)。 結(jié)論和建議： 1、多數(shù)小學(xué)和初中生沒有養(yǎng)成良好的讀寫習(xí)慣。盡管大部分調(diào)查對(duì)象了解用眼知識(shí),但沒有采取正確的姿勢(shì)和行為,提示學(xué)校、家長(zhǎng)在向兒童普及用眼知識(shí)的同時(shí),還要在日常監(jiān)督他們的用眼行為。 2、徐匯區(qū)兒童近視患病率和上海市平均值基本持平,高于全國(guó)水平。視力隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而逐漸下降,女生視力差于男生。如果以屈光度數(shù)=OD為正常；0～-3.0D(含)為輕度近視眼；-3.0D～-6.0D(含)為中度近視眼；-6.0D為高度近視眼(若同一人雙眼視力情況有差異,則用較差的一眼情況代表本人的視力狀況)作為近視的判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn),研究對(duì)象的患病率高達(dá)87.7%,但鑒于國(guó)內(nèi)目前沒有類似的研究,本次調(diào)查沒有進(jìn)行比較。 3、近視的病因成分較為復(fù)雜,是多方面綜合的因素。本次研究表明,年齡、性別、閱讀時(shí)眼與書本的距離為主要因素。對(duì)于近視的預(yù)防要從多方面同時(shí)做起。
[Abstract]:Myopia means that the eye forms a focal point in front of the retina after the parallel light passes through the eye's refractive system in the relaxed state. In all age groups, the prevalence of myopia in children is the highest, and there is a growing trend. The cause of myopia is not yet completely clear. It is generally considered that there are genetic factors, developmental factors and external environmental factors, or the combination of the three. The results are the important external factors for myopia, including reading time or other close-range work (watching TV, using a computer, etc.) and the surrounding environment (e.g. Lighting). In addition, eating habits, etc., are also considered to be near-sighted. The purpose of the study was to investigate the prevalence of myopia and to explore the prevalence of myopia by investigating the current status of the population in the age group, and obtaining the information about the factors related to the myopia and the refractive data. Possible factors. Research object: 4 primary schools in Xuhui District, Shanghai, 4 junior high schools and 1 year 6531 students in the school. Methods: The questionnaire and on-site testing were included. The questionnaire was part of the school The health-care teacher is responsible for organizing the distribution and recovery of the students. To be sent back to the parents after the meeting of the parent-parent meeting. The eye-care professional personnel of the Affiliated Eye of the Fudan University and the Hospital of Otolaryngology The device is responsible for the visual optical detection of the study object. The questionnaire and the number of SPSS for detecting the original data according to the library, The results were as follows: 1. According to the statistical analysis of 6465 questionnaires from 6 to 16 years of age, there were 13 indexes in the used eye and living habit index, and there were statistical differences in the different age groups, and with the increase of age, there were 13 indexes. Long, daily reading and writing time, TV and computer time during the semester, the time of watching TV and computer time in the summer, the daily outdoor activity time is gradually increased, the daily sleep time is gradually reduced; the proportion of the pen holding posture, the writing body posture, the eye and the book distance meets the requirements improve; lay down and read and read There is a rise in the number of people who read while walking or in the car; the rate of interest tends to be irregular. The other eight survey indicators are gender-related, among which: when writing, the body posture, walking or reading habits at the time of the ride, the boys are good at the girls, and the girls in the eye are better than the boys; the extra-curricular time for girls is more than that of the male Life; watch TV, use the time of the computer, man there are more students than girls; in addition, boys prefer to eat, and girls prefer vegan. 2. The prevalence of myopia in the study is up to The middle school students' vision was lower than that of primary school students (P 0). 1) The visual value of the female students is slightly lower than that of the male, but there is no statistical difference between the degree of myopia. 3. The reading position, the distance between the eye and the book, the reading during walking, the class the read-write time, The computer time, whether the interest rate is regular, the sleep time is the same as the myopia range Degree-related. Conclusions and recommendations: 1. Most primary and middle school students do not have good read-write habits. Although most of the respondents are aware of eye-to-eye knowledge, they do not take the right posture and conduct, prompt the school, the parents to use the eye knowledge to the children, and also in the day-to-day supervision the eye-to-eye behavior of their children; the incidence of myopia among children in Xuhui district. The rate and the average value of Shanghai were basically the same, which was higher than that of the whole country. The visual acuity decreased gradually with the increase of age. The visual acuity of the girls was poor in the boys. If the number of diopters = OD was normal, 0 ~-3.0D (inclusive) was mild myopia;-3.0d ~-6.0d (included) was moderate myopia;-6.0d was high myopia. (If there is a difference in the vision of the same person's eyes, a poor eye condition is used to represent the sight condition of the person) as the judgment mark of the myopia The prevalence of the study was 87. 7%, but in view of the domestic purpose, there was no similar study before. The survey was not compared. 3. Myopia. The etiological component is complex, and it is a comprehensive cause of multiple aspects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：R778.11

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