弱視兒童的自我意識研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-18 10:35
【摘要】：弱視是一種常見的嚴重損害兒童視力的視覺發(fā)育相關性疾病，不僅影響感覺，還對知覺、注意以及其它個體心理成分產(chǎn)生影響。自我（self）是反映人類心理最本質(zhì)特征的一個重要方面，自我意識是它的一個重要組成部分。目前，弱視患兒的自我意識水平國內(nèi)、外還沒有相關研究，弱視患兒的自我意識水平是值得關注的一個問題。通過研究了解弱視兒童自我意識的發(fā)展水平，對比出弱視兒童和正常兒童在心理功能上的差異，為弱視兒童心理功能的完善提供依據(jù)，從而幫助弱視兒童更好的回歸社會。同時讓更多的人了解、關注到這一特殊群體，為患兒更好的康復提供幫助。 論文從知覺自我、記憶自我、內(nèi)省自我三個層面由淺入深的對弱視兒童的自我意識進行系列研究。研究一采用，3（面孔：自我面孔、熟悉面孔、不熟悉面孔）×3（視覺條件：雙眼、弱視眼、正常眼）和3（聲音：自我、熟悉、不熟悉）×2（位置：左手、右手）組內(nèi)實驗設計，因變量均為反應時、正確率。研究二由兩個實驗組成，均采用訪談法。實驗一從邏輯順序性、內(nèi)容豐富性、主動性、體態(tài)四個維度對被試自傳體記憶水平進行評價。實驗二從過去、未來兩個方向，對被試的時間心理旅行能力進行評價。研究三由兩個實驗組成。實驗一采用2（參照：自我參照、他人參照）×2（詞性：積極、消極）的混合實驗設計，參照是組間變量，詞性是組內(nèi)變量，因變量為自由回憶率。實驗二采用2（分組：正常組、弱視組）×2（參照：自我狀態(tài)、一般常識）混合實驗設計，分組是組間變量，參照是組內(nèi)變量，因變量為反應時、判斷正確數(shù)。 研究結(jié)果表明，①4-6歲的弱視兒童已經(jīng)可以通過內(nèi)輪廓來進行面孔識別，不同性別面孔識別的正確率差異有統(tǒng)計學意義，男性正確率高于女性；不熟悉面孔的反應時與自我面孔的反應時差異有統(tǒng)計學意義，不熟悉面孔的反應時比自我面孔反應時短。②4-6歲弱視兒童對不同聲音識別的正確率差異有統(tǒng)計學意義，對熟悉的聲音的正確率高于不熟悉聲音和自我聲音的正確率。③在自傳體記憶邏輯順序性、內(nèi)容豐富性、主動性和體態(tài)四個維度上弱視兒童的得分均低于正常兒童，且差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。④4歲、5歲弱視兒童、正常兒童時間心理旅行能力差異沒有統(tǒng)計學意義。⑤5歲正常兒童、弱視兒童在形容詞條件下不同參照的自由回憶率均沒有統(tǒng)計學意義。⑥5歲正常兒童、弱視兒童在句子條件下不同參照的反應時差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義，對一般常識的反應時明顯低于對自我狀態(tài)的反應時；不同性質(zhì)句子上判斷是正確地得分差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義，在積極句子條件下選擇對自己的描述是正確地次數(shù)均明顯高于消極句子條件下；正常兒童和弱視兒童之間差異沒有統(tǒng)計學意義。 研究結(jié)論如下：4-6歲弱視兒童已經(jīng)具備通過內(nèi)輪廓準確辨認自己面孔的能力，，且更容易區(qū)分出不熟悉的面孔。男性面孔識別的正確率比女性高。通過認知訓練可以提高弱視眼對面孔圖片的識別能力。4-6歲弱視兒童更容易識別熟悉的聲音。4歲、5歲弱視兒童自傳體記憶水平均低于正常兒童。4歲的弱視兒童就已經(jīng)具有時間心理旅行的能力，且4歲、5歲弱視兒童時間心理旅行能力的發(fā)展趨勢和正常兒童相一致，都符合兒童發(fā)展的一般規(guī)律。5歲正常兒童、弱視兒童在形容詞條件下均沒有出現(xiàn)自我參照效應。5歲正常兒童、弱視兒童對描述自我狀態(tài)句子的加工時間均比一般常識的長，對自己的評價明顯傾向于積極地。
[Abstract]:Amblyopia is a common visual development related disease that seriously damages the vision of children. It affects not only sensation, but also perception, attention and other individual psychological components. Self (self) is an important aspect reflecting the most essential characteristics of human psychology. Self consciousness is an important part of it. At present, children with amblyopia are amblyopia The level of self-consciousness of amblyopia children is a problem worthy of attention. The development level of self-consciousness of amblyopia children is understood and the differences in psychological function of amblyopia children and normal children are compared to provide the basis for the improvement of mental function of amblyopia children. Amblyopia children return to society better. At the same time, let more people understand, pay attention to this special group, provide better help for children's recovery.
The thesis studies the self consciousness of amblyopia children from three levels: perceptual self, memory self and introspection. Study one adopts, 3 (face: self face, familiar face, unfamiliar face) x 3 (visual condition: eyes, amblyopia, normal eyes) and 3 (voice: self, familiarity, unfamiliarity) * 2 (position: left hand, right) The experimental design in the hand group, because the variables are all reaction, the correct rate. Study two is composed of two experiments, all of which are interviewed. The experiment one evaluates the level of autobiographical memory from four dimensions of logical sequence, content richness, initiative and body state. Experiment two from the past and the next two directions, the time psychological travel ability of the subjects. Study three is composed of two experiments. Experiment one adopts a mixed experiment design with 2 (Reference: self reference, other reference) x 2 (positive, negative), reference is inter group variable, part of speech is intra group variable, and variable is free recollection rate. Experiment two adopts 2 (Group: normal group, amblyopia group) x 2 (Reference: self state, general constant) Knowledge) mixed experimental design, grouping is a group of variables, the reference is the group variables, the dependent variable is the response time, the correct number.
The results show that: (1) the 4-6 Year Old amblyopia children can have face recognition through the inner contour. The correct rate difference between different sex faces is statistically significant and the male correct rate is higher than that of the female. The response of the unfamiliar face to the self face is significant, and the response of the unfamiliar face is more than the self. The face response was short. (2) the 4-6 Year Old amblyopia children had a statistically significant difference in the correct rate of different sound recognition. The correct rate for the familiar sound was higher than the correct rate of unfamiliar sound and self sound. (3) the scores of amblyopia children in the four dimensions of autobiographical memory logic sequence, content richness, initiative and body posture were lower than normal. Children, and the difference was statistically significant. (4) 4 years old, 5 years old children with amblyopia, normal children's mental travel ability difference is not statistically significant. 5 normal children 5 years old, amblyopia children under the adjective conditions of different reference free recall rate are not statistically significant. 6. 5 years old children, amblyopia children under the sentence conditions different reference The reaction time difference is statistically significant, the response to general knowledge is obviously lower than the response to the self state. There was no statistically significant difference between children with amblyopia.
The results of the study are as follows: 4-6 year old children with amblyopia have the ability to identify their faces accurately and easily distinguish unfamiliar faces. The correct rate of male face recognition is higher than that of women. Cognitive training can improve the recognition ability of amblyopia to face images..4-6 year old children with amblyopia are more likely to recognize familiar sound. .4 years old, 5 year old amblyopia children's autobiographical memory level is lower than normal children.4 years old children have the ability to travel time psychological travel, and 4 years old, 5 year old children's time psychological travel ability is consistent with normal children, all in line with the development of children's normal.5 years old children, amblyopia children in the adjective There is no self reference effect in the normal children of.5 years old. The processing time of the amblyopia children is longer than common sense in describing the self state sentences, and the evaluation of their own is obviously inclined to be positive.
【學位授予單位】：西北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R777.44
本文編號：2131638
[Abstract]:Amblyopia is a common visual development related disease that seriously damages the vision of children. It affects not only sensation, but also perception, attention and other individual psychological components. Self (self) is an important aspect reflecting the most essential characteristics of human psychology. Self consciousness is an important part of it. At present, children with amblyopia are amblyopia The level of self-consciousness of amblyopia children is a problem worthy of attention. The development level of self-consciousness of amblyopia children is understood and the differences in psychological function of amblyopia children and normal children are compared to provide the basis for the improvement of mental function of amblyopia children. Amblyopia children return to society better. At the same time, let more people understand, pay attention to this special group, provide better help for children's recovery.
The thesis studies the self consciousness of amblyopia children from three levels: perceptual self, memory self and introspection. Study one adopts, 3 (face: self face, familiar face, unfamiliar face) x 3 (visual condition: eyes, amblyopia, normal eyes) and 3 (voice: self, familiarity, unfamiliarity) * 2 (position: left hand, right) The experimental design in the hand group, because the variables are all reaction, the correct rate. Study two is composed of two experiments, all of which are interviewed. The experiment one evaluates the level of autobiographical memory from four dimensions of logical sequence, content richness, initiative and body state. Experiment two from the past and the next two directions, the time psychological travel ability of the subjects. Study three is composed of two experiments. Experiment one adopts a mixed experiment design with 2 (Reference: self reference, other reference) x 2 (positive, negative), reference is inter group variable, part of speech is intra group variable, and variable is free recollection rate. Experiment two adopts 2 (Group: normal group, amblyopia group) x 2 (Reference: self state, general constant) Knowledge) mixed experimental design, grouping is a group of variables, the reference is the group variables, the dependent variable is the response time, the correct number.
The results show that: (1) the 4-6 Year Old amblyopia children can have face recognition through the inner contour. The correct rate difference between different sex faces is statistically significant and the male correct rate is higher than that of the female. The response of the unfamiliar face to the self face is significant, and the response of the unfamiliar face is more than the self. The face response was short. (2) the 4-6 Year Old amblyopia children had a statistically significant difference in the correct rate of different sound recognition. The correct rate for the familiar sound was higher than the correct rate of unfamiliar sound and self sound. (3) the scores of amblyopia children in the four dimensions of autobiographical memory logic sequence, content richness, initiative and body posture were lower than normal. Children, and the difference was statistically significant. (4) 4 years old, 5 years old children with amblyopia, normal children's mental travel ability difference is not statistically significant. 5 normal children 5 years old, amblyopia children under the adjective conditions of different reference free recall rate are not statistically significant. 6. 5 years old children, amblyopia children under the sentence conditions different reference The reaction time difference is statistically significant, the response to general knowledge is obviously lower than the response to the self state. There was no statistically significant difference between children with amblyopia.
The results of the study are as follows: 4-6 year old children with amblyopia have the ability to identify their faces accurately and easily distinguish unfamiliar faces. The correct rate of male face recognition is higher than that of women. Cognitive training can improve the recognition ability of amblyopia to face images..4-6 year old children with amblyopia are more likely to recognize familiar sound. .4 years old, 5 year old amblyopia children's autobiographical memory level is lower than normal children.4 years old children have the ability to travel time psychological travel, and 4 years old, 5 year old children's time psychological travel ability is consistent with normal children, all in line with the development of children's normal.5 years old children, amblyopia children in the adjective There is no self reference effect in the normal children of.5 years old. The processing time of the amblyopia children is longer than common sense in describing the self state sentences, and the evaluation of their own is obviously inclined to be positive.
【學位授予單位】：西北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R777.44
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