本文選題：中小學(xué)生 + 視力不良�。� 參考：《天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的在過(guò)去的幾十年中,世界上許多國(guó)家都進(jìn)行了有關(guān)學(xué)生視力及相關(guān)影響因素的研究,多項(xiàng)研究顯示中國(guó)學(xué)生的視力不良情況極其嚴(yán)峻。2014年天津市體質(zhì)調(diào)研結(jié)果顯示天津市學(xué)生的近視檢出率高達(dá)66.3%。本研究旨在描述天津市中小學(xué)生視力現(xiàn)狀,比較不同年齡、性別學(xué)生的視力不良情況,并通過(guò)調(diào)查中小學(xué)生在近距離工作時(shí)的工作距離、時(shí)長(zhǎng)、姿勢(shì)等現(xiàn)狀,探討中小學(xué)生近距離工作現(xiàn)況及其與視力不良之間的關(guān)系,從而提出切實(shí)可行的預(yù)防視力不良的方案。方法采用分層整群隨機(jī)抽樣的方法確定研究對(duì)象。于2016年9-12月在天津市兩個(gè)市區(qū)共抽取五所學(xué)校的在校學(xué)生進(jìn)行調(diào)查,其中包含三所小學(xué)(1-6年級(jí))以及兩所中學(xué)(7-12年級(jí))學(xué)生,共2092人。由專(zhuān)業(yè)人員采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)數(shù)視力表對(duì)研究對(duì)象進(jìn)行視力檢查,學(xué)生任一眼裸眼視力低于5.0為視力不良;并對(duì)研究對(duì)象進(jìn)行問(wèn)卷調(diào)查,問(wèn)卷內(nèi)容包括:學(xué)生的基本信息,如姓名、性別、出生日期等社會(huì)人口學(xué)信息;學(xué)生的近距離工作情況,如讀寫(xiě)時(shí)長(zhǎng)、距離以及近距離工作時(shí)的用眼習(xí)慣等。所有數(shù)據(jù)采用EpiData3.1進(jìn)行錄入,并進(jìn)行邏輯性檢驗(yàn);采用SPSS 20.0進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,使用的方法包括Z檢驗(yàn)、卡方檢驗(yàn)、秩相關(guān)、卡方趨勢(shì)檢驗(yàn)及l(fā)ogistic回歸分析等,以P0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。結(jié)果本次共調(diào)查學(xué)生2092人,男生女生比例為1:1。天津市市區(qū)中小學(xué)生總體視力不良檢出率為59.8%,其中輕度視力不良檢出率為9.3%,中度視力不良檢出率為20.2%,重度視力不良檢出率為30.4%。天津市中小視力不良檢出率隨年齡的增長(zhǎng)而呈上升趨勢(shì)(c2=275.076,P0.001),10-13歲學(xué)生視力不良檢出率增長(zhǎng)最為明顯。天津市女生視力不良檢出率為64.9%,男生為54.8%,女生高于男生,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(c2=22.351,P0.001)。天津市中小學(xué)生在讀寫(xiě)時(shí)眼睛距書(shū)本距離≤30cm的學(xué)生占比高達(dá)86.7%,平均每日讀寫(xiě)時(shí)長(zhǎng)為4.9(2.8,8.1)h,天津市中小學(xué)生在讀寫(xiě)時(shí)約有30.6%的學(xué)生存在歪頭情況;天津市中小學(xué)生中有85.0%的學(xué)生使用手機(jī),使用手機(jī)時(shí)眼睛距屏幕距離≤30cm的學(xué)生高達(dá)83.6%,天津市中小學(xué)生使用手機(jī)時(shí)長(zhǎng)≥0.5h的學(xué)生占58.2%,使用手機(jī)姿勢(shì)不正確的學(xué)生占27.7%;天津市中小學(xué)生中有56.9%的學(xué)生使用平板電腦,使用平板電腦時(shí)眼睛距屏幕距離≤30cm的學(xué)生高達(dá)78.6%,使用平板電腦時(shí)長(zhǎng)≥0.5h的學(xué)生占29.2%,使用平板電腦姿勢(shì)不正確的學(xué)生占比為29.3%;天津市中小學(xué)生中有64.2%的學(xué)生使用電腦,使用電腦時(shí)距離≤50cm的學(xué)生占比為59.4%,使用電腦時(shí)長(zhǎng)≥0.5h的學(xué)生占23.4%,使用電腦姿勢(shì)不正確的學(xué)生占5.8%;高達(dá)75.6%的學(xué)生連續(xù)近距離工作時(shí)長(zhǎng)超過(guò)半小時(shí);有約40.7%的學(xué)生有在暗環(huán)境下使用電子產(chǎn)品的習(xí)慣。視力不良相關(guān)影響因素的單因素分析顯示:學(xué)生讀寫(xiě)時(shí)歪頭(c2=28.541,P0.001)、讀寫(xiě)時(shí)長(zhǎng)越長(zhǎng)(Z=3.616,P0.001)、讀寫(xiě)距離≤30cm(c2=20.590,P=0.968)、使用手機(jī)(c2=20.083,P0.001)、使用手機(jī)姿勢(shì)不當(dāng)(c2=13.772,P0.001)、使用手機(jī)距離≤30cm(c2=10.026,P0.05)、使用手機(jī)時(shí)長(zhǎng)≥0.5h(c2=45.623,P0.001)、使用平板電腦(c2=8.353,P0.05)、使用平板電腦距離≤30cm(c2=8.569,P0.05)、使用電腦(c2=3.928,P0.05)、近距離工作持續(xù)時(shí)長(zhǎng)≥0.5h(c2=31.315,P0.001)、有暗環(huán)境下使用電子產(chǎn)品習(xí)慣(c2=31.109,P0.001)等因素是學(xué)生視力不良的危險(xiǎn)因素。經(jīng)多因素logistic回歸分析檢驗(yàn),發(fā)現(xiàn)天津市中小學(xué)生視力不良的危險(xiǎn)因素有:(1)學(xué)生讀寫(xiě)距離;(2)學(xué)生使用手機(jī)時(shí)長(zhǎng);(3)學(xué)生讀寫(xiě)時(shí)長(zhǎng)。結(jié)論(1)2016年天津市中小學(xué)生的視力不良檢出率為59.8%,且存在年齡、性別、年級(jí)段的差異。(2)天津市中小學(xué)生近距離工作現(xiàn)況令人擔(dān)憂(yōu),存在工作時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng)、姿勢(shì)不正確、距離過(guò)近等問(wèn)題。(3)近距離工作是天津市中小學(xué)生視力不良的危險(xiǎn)因素,讀寫(xiě)時(shí)長(zhǎng)、讀寫(xiě)距離、使用手機(jī)時(shí)長(zhǎng)尤其值得注意。實(shí)行相應(yīng)的預(yù)防對(duì)策,改善天津市學(xué)生的視力狀況迫在眉睫。
[Abstract]:Objective in the past few decades, many countries in the world have conducted research on students' eyesight and related factors. A number of studies show that the poor vision of Chinese students is extremely severe in.2014 years in the city of Tianjin. The results of Tianjin city's physical investigation show that the prevalence of myopia in Tianjin is up to 66.3%.. This study aims to describe the small and medium-sized Tianjin city. The students' visual acuity is compared with the students of different ages and the poor eyesight of the students. By investigating the working distance, length and posture of the primary and middle school students, the relationship between the present condition of the primary and middle school students and the relationship with the poor vision is discussed, so as to put forward a practical and feasible scheme to prevent the poor vision. A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to determine the subjects. In 9-12 months of 2016, a total of five school students were selected from three primary schools (grade 1-6) and two middle school (7-12 grade) students, including 2092 students. The standard logarithmic visual acuity chart was used for the study. The students' visual acuity was less than 5 in any eye, and a questionnaire was conducted on the subjects. The contents of the questionnaire included the basic information of the students, such as name, sex, date of birth, and other social demography information; the student's close work, such as reading and writing long, distance, and eye use. EpiData3.1 was used for entry and logical test, and SPSS 20 was used for statistical analysis. The methods used included Z test, chi square test, rank correlation, chi square trend test and logistic regression analysis. The difference was statistically significant in P0.05. The results were 2092 students in this study, and the proportion of boys and girls was in the city of Tianjin city. The prevalence rate of poor visual acuity in primary school students was 59.8%, of which the detection rate of mild vision poor was 9.3%, the detection rate of moderate poor vision was 20.2%. The detection rate of severe poor vision was 30.4%. in Tianjin City, the positive rate of poor vision was up with the increase of age (c2=275.076, P0.001), and the rate of poor vision detection rate in 10-13 year old students increased most. The detection rate of poor eyesight in Tianjin girls was 64.9%, boys were 54.8%, girls were higher than boys, the difference was statistically significant (c2=22.351, P0.001). Students in Tianjin were 86.7%, 4.9 (2.8,8.1) h for reading and writing, and 30 in reading and writing in Tianjin. Among the students in.6%, 85% of the primary and middle school students in Tianjin used their mobile phones, and 83.6% of the students with the distance to the screen with the distance to the screen when using their mobile phones were up to 83.6%. The students who used the mobile phone longer than 0.5h in Tianjin accounted for 58.2%, and 27.7% of the students used the incorrect mobile phone position, and 56.9% of the primary and middle school students in Tianjin were students. Using tablet computers, the students with the distance from the screen to the screen are up to 78.6% when using a tablet computer, 29.2% of the students with a tablet longer than 0.5h and 29.3% with the incorrect posture of the tablet computer; 64.2% of the students in Tianjin's primary and middle school use the electroencephalogram, and the students with the distance less than 50cm are 59.4. %, 23.4% of the students with a computer with longer than 0.5h, 5.8% with incorrect computer posture, and 75.6% of the students who were more than half an hour long, and about 40.7% of the students had a habit of using electronic products in a dark environment. 8.541, P0.001), the longer the reading and writing (Z=3.616, P0.001), the reading and writing distance less than 30cm (c2=20.590, P=0.968), the use of the mobile phone (c2=20.083, P0.001), the improper posture of the mobile phone (c2=13.772, P0.001), the use of the mobile phone distance less than 30cm (c2=10.026,), the use of a tablet, and the use of a tablet computer. The brain distance is less than 30cm (c2=8.569, P0.05), using the computer (c2=3.928, P0.05), the length of the close distance work is more than 0.5h (c2=31.315, P0.001). The use of electronic product habit (c2=31.109, P0.001) in dark environment is the risk factor for students' poor vision. Through multi factor Logistic regression analysis, it is found that the students in Tianjin are poor eyesight. The risk factors are: (1) students reading and writing distance; (2) students using mobile phone long; (3) students reading and writing long. Conclusion (1) the detection rate of poor students in Tianjin in 2016 is 59.8%, and there is age, sex, grade differences. (2) the present condition of the middle and primary school students in Tianjin is worrying, long working time and incorrect posture, Distance and other problems. (3) close work is the risk factor of poor eyesight of primary and middle school students in Tianjin. It is especially worth paying attention to the length of reading and writing, reading and writing distance and the use of mobile phone. It is imminent to carry out the corresponding preventive measures to improve the vision of students in Tianjin.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R778.11

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本文編號(hào)：1980413