本文選題：中小學(xué)生 + 變應(yīng)性鼻炎　； 參考：《中南大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：變應(yīng)性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis),又叫過(guò)敏性鼻炎。屬于一種鼻黏膜慢性炎癥反應(yīng)性疾病,由IgE介導(dǎo),涉及到多種不同的免疫活性細(xì)胞以及細(xì)胞因子。 當(dāng)前,社會(huì)在不斷進(jìn)步,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展較為迅速,多種變態(tài)反應(yīng)性疾病出現(xiàn)增加的趨勢(shì)。近幾十年中,人群中患有變應(yīng)性鼻炎的比例增長(zhǎng)迅速,全世界的平均數(shù)值在10-20%之間,發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家及地區(qū),患病率更高,最高可達(dá)40%。變應(yīng)性鼻炎的影響因素較多,可能與生活方式、飲食習(xí)慣、交叉?zhèn)魅�、周邊環(huán)境、基因遺傳等有關(guān)。 目的 通過(guò)流行病學(xué)調(diào)查,試圖了解長(zhǎng)沙市中小學(xué)生變應(yīng)性鼻炎患病率,分析與變應(yīng)性鼻炎發(fā)病的相關(guān)因素,探索變應(yīng)性鼻炎對(duì)中小學(xué)生生活質(zhì)量的影響程度,為疾病的干預(yù)和控制提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。 方法 2011年7月至2012年4月,通過(guò)對(duì)長(zhǎng)沙市中小學(xué)10-17歲學(xué)生進(jìn)行體格檢查,使用疾病問(wèn)卷調(diào)查表,生活質(zhì)量量表對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行問(wèn)卷調(diào)查,結(jié)合皮膚點(diǎn)刺實(shí)驗(yàn)確定10-17歲學(xué)生群體的變應(yīng)性鼻炎的患病率及相關(guān)因素。采用兩套調(diào)查方案：1)通過(guò)分層抽樣以及兩階段抽樣法對(duì)7023名學(xué)生完成數(shù)據(jù)的采集,再抽樣進(jìn)行臨床診斷；2)整群隨機(jī)抽樣調(diào)查,對(duì)長(zhǎng)沙市4所學(xué)校10-17歲的814例學(xué)生均進(jìn)行皮膚點(diǎn)刺實(shí)驗(yàn),通過(guò)臨床表現(xiàn)及檢查進(jìn)行確診。 結(jié)果 1、長(zhǎng)沙市中小學(xué)生患病率 (1)通過(guò)分層抽樣調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,7023名10-17歲學(xué)生的有效問(wèn)卷為6407例,應(yīng)答率是91.2%,“自報(bào)變應(yīng)性鼻炎患病率”為44.6%(2857/6407)；第二階段抽樣調(diào)查及臨床診斷的結(jié)果顯示,1212名學(xué)生中,確診變應(yīng)性鼻炎249例,其患病率為20.5%。 (2)應(yīng)用整群抽樣調(diào)查方案對(duì)814例10-17歲學(xué)生進(jìn)行調(diào)查研究的結(jié)果顯示,變應(yīng)性個(gè)體發(fā)生率為26.3%(214/814),確診變應(yīng)性鼻炎140例,變應(yīng)性鼻炎的患病率為17.2%(140/814)。 2、長(zhǎng)沙市中小學(xué)生變應(yīng)性鼻炎主要變應(yīng)原是塵螨,占97.1%。 3、數(shù)據(jù)顯示,影響變應(yīng)性鼻炎的主要因素為生活環(huán)境、生活習(xí)慣、基因遺傳以及哮喘等。 4、變應(yīng)性鼻炎對(duì)學(xué)生的性格、記憶力、睡眠質(zhì)量等方面有顯著的影響。 結(jié)論 明確了目前長(zhǎng)沙市中小學(xué)10-17歲學(xué)生變應(yīng)性鼻炎患病率約為17-20%；變應(yīng)性鼻炎的發(fā)病與環(huán)境、遺傳、生活方式有關(guān),且對(duì)學(xué)生的性格、記憶力、睡眠質(zhì)量有顯著影響。
[Abstract]:allergic rhinitis ( allergic rhinitis ) , also called allergic rhinitis , belongs to a chronic inflammatory reaction disease of the nasal mucosa , is mediated by IgE , and relates to a plurality of different immune active cells and cytokines .

In recent decades , the proportion of allergic rhinitis in the population increases rapidly , the average value of the whole world is between 10 and 20 % , the prevalence rate of the developed countries and regions is higher , the highest is up to 40 % . The influencing factors of allergic rhinitis are many , which may be related to lifestyle , eating habits , cross infection , peripheral environment , gene inheritance and so on .

Purpose

Through epidemiological investigation , the author tried to know the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in primary and middle school students in Changsha , analyzed the factors related to allergic rhinitis , explored the influence degree of allergic rhinitis on the quality of life of primary and middle school students , and provided scientific basis for the intervention and control of diseases .

method

From July 2011 to April 2012 , the prevalence and related factors of allergic rhinitis of students aged 10 - 17 were investigated by physical examination of 10 - 17 year - old students from primary and secondary schools in Changsha .
2 ) All 814 students from 10 to 17 years of age in Changsha , Changsha , were investigated by random sampling , and confirmed by clinical manifestation and examination .

Results

1 . Prevalence of primary and secondary students in Changsha

( 1 ) The results of stratified sampling showed that the effective questionnaires of 7023 students aged 10 - 17 were 6407 , 91.2 % and 44.6 % ( 2857 / 6407 ) .
The results of second - stage sampling survey and clinical diagnosis showed that 249 cases of allergic rhinitis were diagnosed in 1212 students , and the prevalence rate was 20.5 % .

( 2 ) The results showed that the incidence of allergic rhinitis was 26 . 3 % ( 214 / 814 ) , 140 with allergic rhinitis and 17.2 % ( 140 / 814 ) .

2 . The main allergens of allergic rhinitis in Changsha city were dust mites , accounting for 97.1 % .

3 . Data show that the main factors affecting allergic rhinitis are living environment , living habits , gene inheritance and asthma .

4 . allergic rhinitis has significant influence on personality , memory and sleep quality of students .

Conclusion

It is clear that the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in primary and secondary schools in Changsha is about 17 - 20 % .
The pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis is related to environment , inheritance and lifestyle , and has significant influence on the character , memory and sleep quality of students .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R765.21

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