發(fā)布時間：2018-06-19 04:20

  本文選題：增強現(xiàn)實 + 手術(shù)導航��； 參考：《吉林大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：應用在手術(shù)導航系統(tǒng)中的基于增強現(xiàn)實的圖像融合技術(shù)改變了傳統(tǒng)的手術(shù)方式，不僅能減輕病人痛苦，有效的降低手術(shù)風險，還能精確的制定術(shù)前規(guī)劃，在醫(yī)療培訓方面也具有很高的應用價值。基于增強現(xiàn)實的圖像融合是將虛擬的病灶部位疊加在真實的手術(shù)部位，為醫(yī)生診斷提供更多的支撐。 本文研究了二維圖像的融合及三維圖像的融合可視化，通過對將要手術(shù)部位的外表面二維融合和內(nèi)部生理信息的三維融合，使病灶信息量增大，具體的研究內(nèi)容和成果如下： 1.本文結(jié)合真實的手術(shù)過程對增強現(xiàn)實系統(tǒng)進行了設計，主要分成四個部分，包括虛擬顱骨模型的三維重建、增強現(xiàn)實系統(tǒng)的空間定位、真實手術(shù)場景的重構(gòu)和虛實融合顯示。采用基于Matlab工具箱的攝像機標定方法，完成了系統(tǒng)的空間定位，為增強現(xiàn)實融合部分做了前續(xù)工作。 2.設計了易于識別、提取的藍色外加標志點，利用目標窗口對顱骨定位剪切，提取藍色標志點，計算標志點質(zhì)心坐標并對質(zhì)心標號，利用基于Laplacian矩陣的圖像匹配方法對左右圖像進行匹配，最后利用加權(quán)圖像融合方法和像素灰度值極大（�。﹫D像融合法完成左右顱骨圖像外表面二維融合。 3.研究了虛實配準的原理、方法，提出了一種融合圖像顯示方法。利用三維掃描顱骨的數(shù)據(jù)重建虛擬顱骨模型，采用了對多角度圖片進行三維場景恢復的方法得到真實手術(shù)場景，，最后把虛擬的顱骨模型導入到真實的手術(shù)場景空間去，顯示在計算機上。 本文在搭建的實驗平臺的基礎上，對該系統(tǒng)進行了實驗研究。首先進行雙目攝像機標定，經(jīng)過實驗分析，系統(tǒng)的標定誤差在0.3個像素以內(nèi)，達到了亞像素級的精度；然后對左右攝像機采集的圖像進行Laplacian匹配和加權(quán)、像素灰度值極大（小）圖像融合；最后將重建的虛擬模型導入到真實手術(shù)場景中并通過計算機屏幕進行顯示。本文研究的階段性成果為后續(xù)動態(tài)可視化研究打下了基礎。
[Abstract]:The image fusion technology based on augmented reality, which is applied in the surgical navigation system, has changed the traditional operation method. It can not only reduce the pain of patients, but also reduce the risk of surgery, and make the preoperative planning accurately. Also has the very high application value in the medical treatment training aspect. The image fusion based on augmented reality (AR) overlay the virtual lesion on the real surgical site, which provides more support for the doctor's diagnosis. In this paper, the fusion of two dimensional images and three dimensional images are studied. Through the fusion of the external surface of the site to be operated on and the three dimensional fusion of the internal physiological information, the amount of information of the focus is increased. The specific research contents and results are as follows: 1. In this paper, the augmented reality system is designed according to the actual operation process, which is divided into four parts, including the 3D reconstruction of virtual skull model, the spatial location of augmented reality system, the reconstruction of real operation scene and the display of virtual reality fusion. The camera calibration method based on Matlab toolbox is used to complete the spatial positioning of the system. The blue additional mark points, which are easy to recognize and extract, are designed. The target window is used to locate and cut the skull, the blue mark points are extracted, the centroid coordinates of the mark points are calculated, and the centroid of mass is labeled. The image matching method based on Laplacian matrix is used to match the left and right images, and the weighted image fusion method and the maximum (small) pixel gray value fusion method are used to complete the 2D fusion of the left and right skull images. The principle and method of virtual real registration are studied, and a fusion image display method is proposed. The virtual skull model is reconstructed by using the data of 3D scanning skull, and the real operation scene is obtained by using the method of 3D scene restoration of multi-angle images. Finally, the virtual skull model is imported into the real operation scene space. Display on the computer. On the basis of the experimental platform, the system is studied experimentally in this paper. The calibration error of the system is within 0.3 pixels, and the accuracy of sub-pixel level is achieved, then the images collected by the left and right cameras are matched and weighted by Laplacian. Finally, the reconstructed virtual model is imported into the real operation scene and displayed on the computer screen. The results of this paper lay a foundation for further dynamic visualization research.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：R616;TP242;TP391.41

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本文編號：2038402