本文選題：針麻鎮(zhèn)痛 + 歷史發(fā)展階段��； 參考：《針刺研究》2016年05期

【摘要】：回顧針麻鎮(zhèn)痛的科研道路,可以分為幾個(gè)階段:(1)初期探索:1958年上海和西安有一部分醫(yī)生將針刺技術(shù)應(yīng)用于外科手術(shù),試圖不用麻醉藥或減少麻醉藥用量而完成外科手術(shù),稱之為針刺麻醉(針麻)。這一創(chuàng)新性臨床實(shí)踐,引起醫(yī)學(xué)界的廣泛興趣。(2)臨床推展:1965年開始全國許多醫(yī)院進(jìn)行仿效;20世紀(jì)70年代達(dá)到高潮,全國幾乎所有醫(yī)院全部開展針麻;進(jìn)入20世紀(jì)80年代,臨床應(yīng)用針麻逐漸減少。(3)原理探討:1965年開始,大量基礎(chǔ)研究工作者參與進(jìn)行人體和動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,從1970年開始的30年間,針麻鎮(zhèn)痛研究論文持續(xù)發(fā)表,這些科研肯定了針刺鎮(zhèn)痛療效,并試圖闡明其原理。1997年美國國立衛(wèi)生研究院(NIH)舉辦針刺療法聽證會(huì),證明針刺鎮(zhèn)痛的有效性和科學(xué)性,導(dǎo)致國內(nèi)和國際上加大了科研資助,針麻鎮(zhèn)痛研究在全球廣泛開展。(4)重點(diǎn)研究:2007年中國將針麻鎮(zhèn)痛列為重點(diǎn)研究項(xiàng)目,在全國9個(gè)大醫(yī)院進(jìn)一步確定開展臨床針麻鎮(zhèn)痛的有效性及其相關(guān)原理的研究。確認(rèn)了電針與手針有同樣的鎮(zhèn)痛效果,研制出了電針儀和經(jīng)皮穴位電刺激儀器,臨床實(shí)踐證明其可以簡(jiǎn)化針麻鎮(zhèn)痛步驟,便于在手術(shù)室推廣應(yīng)用。(5)理論總結(jié):鑒于經(jīng)絡(luò)的實(shí)質(zhì)尚待明確,但可以明確的是分布于穴位下的神經(jīng)纖維是刺激"穴位"發(fā)揮鎮(zhèn)痛作用不可或缺的重要成分,因此認(rèn)為,可以用現(xiàn)代神經(jīng)科學(xué)知識(shí)理解針麻實(shí)質(zhì)。中國古老的針灸療法與現(xiàn)代神經(jīng)科學(xué)兩者互相促進(jìn),提高并擴(kuò)展了針刺相關(guān)療法的臨床應(yīng)用,更好地實(shí)現(xiàn)為患者服務(wù)的目的。(6)回歸現(xiàn)實(shí):經(jīng)過半個(gè)世紀(jì)的實(shí)踐和發(fā)展,針刺具有鎮(zhèn)痛作用的事實(shí)已得到國際科學(xué)界的認(rèn)可,"針刺輔助麻醉"或"針?biāo)帍?fù)合麻醉"已成為某些特定手術(shù)的首選麻醉技術(shù)。由于開展針麻鎮(zhèn)痛研究而掀起的科研浪潮既促進(jìn)了針刺療法在全世界的應(yīng)用,也推動(dòng)了針灸療法本身和神經(jīng)科學(xué)的發(fā)展。但理論和實(shí)踐的轉(zhuǎn)化,基礎(chǔ)和臨床的交融,是永無止境的。半個(gè)世紀(jì)的實(shí)踐值得加以總結(jié),以便深入闡明原理,提高臨床效果,糾正可能的錯(cuò)誤。
[Abstract]:Reviewing the research path of acupuncture and anesthesia analgesia, we can divide it into several stages: in 1958, some doctors in Shanghai and Xi'an applied acupuncture technique to surgery, trying to complete surgery without anesthetic or reducing the amount of anesthetic. Call it acupuncture anaesthesia (acupuncture anaesthesia). This innovative clinical practice has aroused wide interest in the medical profession. (2) Clinical development: in 1965, many hospitals throughout the country began to emulate and reached their climax in the 1970s, and almost all hospitals throughout the country developed acupuncture anesthesia; in the 1980s, Discussion on the principle of Acupuncture and Anesthesia decreasing gradually: since 1965, a large number of basic researchers have participated in human and animal experimental studies. During the 30 years since 1970, the research papers on Acupuncture Analgesia have been published continuously. These scientific studies confirmed the efficacy of acupuncture analgesia and tried to clarify its principle. In 1997, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) held a hearing on acupuncture therapy, which proved that acupuncture analgesia is effective and scientific, leading to increased domestic and international funding for scientific research. Acupuncture and Analgesia (Acupuncture Analgesia) has been widely studied in the world. In 2007, Acupuncture Analgesia was listed as a key research project in China, and the effectiveness and related principles of Acupuncture Analgesia were further determined in nine major hospitals in China. It is confirmed that electroacupuncture has the same analgesic effect as hand acupuncture, and an electroacupuncture instrument and a transdermal acupoint electric stimulation instrument have been developed, which have been proved by clinical practice to simplify the analgesic steps of acupuncture and anesthesia. Conclusion: since the essence of meridian is still to be clarified, but it can be clearly defined that nerve fibers distributed under acupoints are the indispensable components of analgesia by stimulating "acupoints". Modern neuroscience knowledge can be used to understand the essence of acupuncture and anesthesia. The ancient acupuncture and moxibustion therapy in China and modern neuroscience promote each other, improve and expand the clinical application of acupuncture related therapy, and better realize the purpose of serving patients.) return to reality: after half a century of practice and development, The fact that acupuncture has analgesic effect has been recognized by the international scientific community. "Acupuncture Auxiliary Anesthesia" or "Acupuncture combined Anesthesia" has become the first choice of anesthetic technology in some specific operations. The wave of research on acupuncture analgesia has promoted the application of acupuncture in the world and the development of acupuncture itself and neuroscience. But the transformation of theory and practice, the blending of basic and clinical, is endless. The practice of half a century is worth summing up in order to clarify the principle, improve the clinical effect and correct possible mistakes.
【作者單位】： 北京大學(xué)神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究所;
【分類號(hào)】：R246.2

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1 唐仕勇;腫瘤鎮(zhèn)痛研究近況[J];甘肅中醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);1993年04期

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本文編號(hào)：1794439